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TOOKEY. James, engraver. He prac- tised about the beginning of the 19th cen- tury. The animals in Church's * Cabinet of Quadruped* ' are engraved by him after Ibbetson. He also engraved some of the plates in Bell's 'British Theatre.' His works are chiefly in the line manner, slight and weak in execution.
TOPHAM, Francis William, water- colour painter. Was born in Leeds, April 15. 1808, and as an artist was self-taught. Wnen a boy he had a great wish to become a painter, but his father knowing nothing of art, apprenticed him to a writing-engraver. He came to London at the age of 21, and practised for some years engraving from pictures. After attaining considerable suc- cess in this art, he deserted it entirely for fainting. He was first a member of the nstitute of Painters in Water-polour ; but quitting this body in 1847, was immediately elected into the older Society, of which he became a full member in the next year, and his most important works have been exhi- bited there. He drew his subjects from Ire- land, Scotland, Spain, and Italy. Some of the best known are — 'The Spinning Wheel/ 'The Whiskey Still/ 'Card Players/ 'The Letter Writer/ ' Eve of the Festa/ ' Vene- tian Well/ ' Barnaby Rudge/ etc. He died at Cordova, in Spain, March 31, 1877, aged 69.
TOREL. William, sculptor. Descended from an English family named in the re- cords from the days of Edward the Con- fessor. He finished the figure of a King for Henry III.'s tomb in Westminster Abbey, and executed in 1291 three effigies of Eleanor, Queen of Edward I., one for Westminster, one for Blackfriar's Monas- tery, the third to be placed over her viscera in Lincoln Cathedral. The first remains in good preservation, and is a proof by its idealised style and fine execution of the advanced state of art in England at that time.
TOROND, , engraver. Practised
towards the middle of the 18th century. Little is known of him beyond the state- ment that he was classed among the humorous draftsmen of his day.
TOTO, Anthony, portrait painter and architect. An Italian artist who came to this country about 1531, in the reign of Henry VIII., who appointed him his Ser- jeant-Painter. He was naturalised in 1643, and practised in England 20 years. His works are all lost or unknown.
TOUSSAINT, Augustus, miniature painter. Was the son of an eminent jeweller in Denmark Street, Soho. In 1766 he
fained a premium at the Society of Arts. le was aDprenticed to Nixon, A.R.A., and practised nis art in London for some time. He exhibited at the Royal Academy from 1775 to 1788 miniatures both on ivory and
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in enamel. But on succeeding to the pro- perty amassed by his father he retired to Lymington, where he died between 1790 and 1800, and was buried in the churchyard there.
TOWNE, Francis, landscape painter. He was probably a pupil of William Pars, gained a premium at the Society of Arts m 1759, and was in 1762 a member of the Free Society of Artists, where he exhibited, and at the Spring Gardens 1 Rooms in 1769. In 1775 he exhibited some water-colour views at the Royal Academy, and in 1779, when he was residing at Exeter, a ' View on the Exe/ and some others. He appears to have visited Italy { as, from the above date to 1794, he exhibited views in that country and Switzerland. He then settled in London, and continued an exhibitor at the Academy up to 1810. His works were well esteemed in his day. He died in Lon- don, July 7, 1816, in his 77th year.
TOWNE, Charles, landscape and cattle painter. He first appears as an exhibitor of the portraits of animals at the Royal Academy, commencing in 1795, and later of landscape, introducing cattle and sheep. He continued an exhibitor up to 1812. About this time he went to resiae at Liver- pool, where he practised, and was in 1813 vice-president of the Liverpool Academy. His works were carefully studied and finished, but were tame, and sadly wanting both in originality and the freshness of nature. He is believed to have died, at an advanced age, about the year 1850. He painted some works in water-colours, and was in 1809 a candidate for admission to the Water-Colour Society.
TOWNLEY, Charles, engraver and painter. Son of the Rev. J. Townley, Head-Master of the Merchant Taylors' School. Was born in London in 1746, and after studying there some time went to Italy for his improvement, and pursued his studies for several years in Rome and Florence. He was first known as a minia- ture painter, but he also produced many portraits both in crayons and in oil. He exhibited chalk portraits with the Free Society 1782. He copied many portraits of the Italian painters, and engraved them both in mezzo-tint and in the dot manner. About 1776 he practised in Berlin, and was appointed engraver to the King of Prussia. In 1789 he went to Hamburgh, and later he returned to England, and then produced some excellent mezzo-tint plates after Rey- nolds, Romney, Hoppner, Opie, Dance, and Cosway, and a plate of 'Bulls fighting/ after Stubbs.
TOWNSHEND, George, Marquis, amateur. He was born February 28, 182^ and was created a marquis in 178J^^fle had a great reputation for his" humorous burlesques, some of which he is said to
