think highly of them, and that they wM-e more of n rhetorical than an historical character. He en- joyed some reputation as a teacher of rhetoric and as an orator, both in the assembly of the people and in the courts of justice (Dion vs. Hal. /. c. ; Pans. /. c), and also wrote speeches for others, such as the one which Fluthias delivered against Phrvne. (Aihen. xiiL p* 591; comp. Harpocr. s. v. Y.vdlas.)
There have been, critics, such as Casaubon (ad
Diog. Jjoert. ii. 3), who thought that the rhetori-
cian and the historian Anaximenes were two dis-
tinct persons ; but their identity has been proved
by very satisfactory arguments. What renders
him a person of the highest importance in the his-
tory of Greek literature, is the following fact,
which has been firmly established by the critical
investigations of our own age. He is the only
rhetorician previous to the time of Aristotle whose
scientific treatise on rhetoric is now extant. This
is the so-called 'PTjTopt/cr) irpos ^AXi^avSpoi/, which
is usually printed among the works of Aristotle, to
Avhom, however, it cannot belong, as all critics
agree. The opinion that it is a work of Anaxi-
menes was first expressed by P. Victorius in his
preface to Aristotle's Rhetoric, and has been firmly
established as a fact by Spengel in his Xwaywyii)
rex^dif, "Sive Artium Scriptores ab initiis usque
ad editos Aristotelis de rhetorica libros," Stuttgard,
18-28, p. 182. &c. (Comp. Quintil. iii. 4. § 9 with
the notes of Gesner and Spalding.) This Rhetoric
is preceded by a letter which is manifestly of later
origin, and was probably intended as an introduc-
tion to the study of the Rhetoric of Aristotle.
The work itself is much interpolated, but it is
at any rate clear that Anaximenes extended his
subject beyond the limits adopted by his predeces-
sors, with whose works he was well acquainted.
He divides eloquence into forensic and deliberative,
but also sugaests that a third kind, the epideictic,
should be separated from them. As regards the
plan and construction of the work, it is evident
that its author was not a philosopher : the whole
is a series of practical suggestions how this or that
subject should be treated under various circum-
stances, as far as argumentation, expression, and
the arrangement of the parts of a speech are con-
cerned. (Vossius, de Histor. (Jraec. p. 92, &c., ed.
"W'estemiann ; Ruhnken, Hust. Ciit. Orat. Graec.
p. 86 ; Westermann, Gesch. dev Gricch. Deredtsam-
keit, §69.)
ANAXIPPUS (Ἀνάξιππος), an Athenian comic poet of the new comedy, was contemporary with Antigonus and Demetrius Poliorcetes, and flourished about B. C. 303. (Suidas, s. v.) We have the titles of four of his plays, and perhaps of one more. (Meineke, i. pp. 469–70.)
ANAXIS (■'Ai'a^js), a Boeotian, wrote a history
of Greece, which was carried down to u. c. 3()0,
the year before the accession of Philip to the king-
dom of Macedonia. (Diod. xv. 95.)
ANAXO ('Ara^aJ). 1. [Alcmkne.] 2. A wo-
man of Troezen, whom Theseus was said to have
carried off. After slaving her sons, he violated her
daughters. (Plut. 77/k 20.) [L. S.]
ANCAEUS {'AyKoios). 1. A son of the Ar-
cadian Lycurgus and Creophile or Eurynome, and
father of Agapenor. (Apollod. i. 8. § 2, iii. 9.
S 2, 10. § 8 ; Hygin.F«6. 173 ; Horn. //. ii. 609.)
Ho was one of the Argonauts and partook in the
Calydoniau hunt, in which he was killed by the
boar. (Apollod. i. 9. §§ 16 and 23; comp. Paus.
viii. 5. § 2, 45. § 2 ; Apollon. Rhod. ii. 894 ; Ov.
Met. Tiii. 400.)
2. A son of Poseidon and Astypalaea or Alta, king of the Leleges in Samos, and husband of Samia, the daughter of the river-god Maeander,by whom he became the father of Perilaus, Enodos, Samos, Alitherses, and Parthenope. (Paus. vii. 4. § 2 ; Callim. Hymn, in Del. 50.) This hero seems to have been confounded by some mythographers with Ancaeus, the son of Lycurgus ; for, according to Ilyginus {Fab. 14), Ancaeus, the son of Posei- don, was one of the Argonauts, but not the other ; and Apollonius Rhodius (ii. 867, &c.) relates, that after the death of Tiphys, Ancaeus, the son of Poseidon, became the helmsman of the ship Argo, which is just what Apollodorus relates of An- caeus, the son of Lycurgus. Lycophron (449), moreover, in speaking of the death of the son of Lycurgus by the Cah'donian boar, mentions a pro- verb, which, according to the Scholiast on Apol- lonius (i.l85), originated with Ancaeus, the son of Poseidon. The story of the proverb runs thus: Ancaeus was fond of agricultural occupations, and planted many vines. A seer said to him that he would not live to taste the wine of his vineyard. When Ancaeus afterwards was on the point of putting a cup of wine, the growth of his own vine- yard, to his mouth, he scorned the seer, who, how- ever, answered, iroKKa jnera^v kvAikos re wai X6iA«W &Kp(av^ " There is many a slip between the cup and the lip." At the same instant a tumult arose, and Ancaeus was informed that a wild boar was near. He put down his cup, went out against the animal, and was killed by it. Hence this Greek phrase was used as a proverb, to indicate any unforeseen occurrence by which a man's plans might be thwarted. (See Thirlwall in Philolop. Museum., vol. i. p. 106, &c.) A tliird Ancaeus occurs in //. xxiii. 635. [L. S.]
Q. ANCHA′RIUS. 1. A senator, and of
praetorian rank, was killed by ^Marius on the re-
turn of the latter from Africa to Rome in B. c. 87
(Appian, B. C. i. 73.)
2. Tribune of the plebs in the consulship of Caesar and Bibulus, b. c. 59. He took an active part in opposing the agrarian law of Cae«ar, and in consequence of his services to the aristocratical party obtained the praetorship in B. c. 5Q. He succeeded L. Piso in the province of Macedonia in the following year. (Cic. pro Sest. 53, tw Pison. 36 ; Schol. Bob. pro Sest. p. 304, in Vatin. p. 317, ed. Orelli.) One of Cicero's letters is written to him {ad Fam. xiii. 40).
ANCHA′RIUS PRISCUS. [Priscus.]
ANCHE′SMIUS ('A7xe'o'.uior), a surname of
Zeus derived from the hill Arichesmus in Attica,
on which, as on several Attic hi'ls, there was a
statue of the god. (Paus. i. 32. § 2.) [L. S.]
ANCHl′ALE ('A7xiaA.Tj), a daughter of Ja-
petus and mother of Cydnus, who was believed to
have founded the town of Anchiale in Ciiici.'i.
(Steph. Byz. s. v.) Another personage of this
name occurs in Apollon. Rhod. i. 1 1 30. [L. S.]
ANCHI′ALUS ('A7X'aAos). Three mythical
personages of this name occur in Hom. 0(1. i. 180,
viii. 112; //. v. 60. [L. S.]
ANCHI′ALUS, MICHAEL rA7x^«^ov), pa-
triarch of Constantinople from 1 167 to 1 185 A. n.,
was a warm opponent of the union of the Greek
and Roman churches, and an eminent Aristotelian
