216 GALENUS. have been required by the nature of the disease. He appears to have been rather bold in the use of the lancet, and (as we have seen above, § 89.) thought it necessary to defend his custom in this respect against the followers of Erasistratus then practising at Rome. In cases of emergency he did not hesitate to perform this operation himself ; in general, however, though he had practised surgery at Pergamus, when at Rome he followed the custom of the physicians in that city, and abstained from surgical operations. {Comment, in Hippocr. " De Fract.' iii. 21. vol. xviii. pt. ii. p. 567, &c. ; DeMeth. Med. vi. 6. vol. x. p. 454.) Accordingly, in surgery he has never been considered so high an authority as several of the other old medical writers. IX. Commentaries on Hippocrates, &c. 107. "Ot L^ApKTTOs 'larpos Kal ^iXoaotpos, Quod Optimus Medicus sit quoque Philosophus (vol. i.). This little work, which might at first sight seem rather to belong to the class of philosophical writ- ings, is included in this class, because Galen him- self mentions it as one of those which he wrote in defence and explanation of Hippocrates. {De Lihr. Propr. c. 6, vol. xix. p. 37.) 1 08. llepX r£u Kaff 'iTTTTOKpaTTjv "SiToix^iwu, De ElemeMis scciin- d?im Hippocraiem (vol. i.). 109. Tcav 'iTnroKpd- rovs rhuaauv ^E^i^yriais, Hippocratis Dictionum Eixoletarum) Eocplicatio (vol. xix.). 110. UepX 'Eirra/x'quwv Bpecpuv, De Septimestri Partu (vol. v. ed. Chart.). 111. Commentary on De Natura Ho- miiiis (vol. XV.). 112. On De Saluhri Vicius Ratione (vol. XV.). 113. On De A tre, Aquis, et Lncis (vol. vi. ed. Chart.). 114. On De Alimento (vol. xv.). 1 15. On De Humorilms (vol. xvi.). 1 1 6. On the Prognosticon (vol. xviii. pt. ii.). 117. On the first book of the Draedidiones (or Prorrltetica) (vol. xvi). 118. On the first book De Morlis Popu- laribus (vol. xvii. pt. i.). 119. On the second book De Morlis Popularihus (vol. xvii. pt. i.). 120. On the third book De Morlis Popularihus (vol. xvii. pt. i.). 121. On the sixth book De Morlis Popularilus (vol. xvii. pts. i. and ii.). 122. On the Aphorisms of Hippocrates, in seven books (vols. xvii. pt. ii., and xviii. pt. i.). 123. Tp6s AvKov, Adversus Lycum (vol. xviii. pt. i.). A work in defence of one of the Aphorisms of Hippocrates. {Aphor. i. 14. vol. iii. p. 710.) 124. Tlpos TO 'Avreipriiixeva toTs 'iTnroKpaTovs
- A(popi(TiJio7s viro lovXiavoo, Adversus ca quae a
Juliano in Hippocratis Aphorisinos dicta sunt (vol. xviii. pt. i.). 125. Commentary on Hippocrates, De Ratione Victus in Morlis A cutis (vol. xv.). 126. On De Officina Medici (vol. xviii. pt. ii.). 127. On De Fruciuris (vol. xviii. pt. ii.). 128. On De Articulis (vol. xviii. pt. i.). 129. Uepl roO trap 'liTiTOKp&rii Koifxaros, De Comate secundum Hippocraiem (vol. vii.) ; of doubtful genuineness. 130. Uepl TTJs Kara rov 'Ittttokpcittji' Aiairrjs inl TUP 'O^ecou 'No<rr]iJ.dTwv, De Vicius Ratione in Morlis Acutis secundum Hippocraiem (vol. xix.) ; of doubtful genuineness. Few persons have ever been so well quali- fied to illustrate and explain the writings of Hippocrates as Galen ; both from his unfeigned (though not indiscriminate) admiration for his works, and also from the time in which he lived, and from his own intellectual qualities. Accord- ingly, his Commentaries have always been con- nidered a most valuable assistance in undcistiuiding GALENUS. the Hippocratic writings, and in old times served as a treasure of historical, grammatical, and medical criticism, from which succeeding annotators, Greek, Latin, and Arabic, borrowed freely. He wrote several other works relating to Hippocrates, some literary and grammatical, and others medical, which are now lost, and from which much information re- specting the Hippocratic collection might have been expected. Those which still remain are chiefly medical, but contain at the same time certain phi- lological details relating to the various readings found in the diflferent MSS., and the explanations of the obscure words and passages given by former commentators. His own critical judgment (as far as we can form an opinion) appears to have been sound and judicious. He professes to preserve the old readings even when more difficult than the more modern, and endeavours to explain them, and never to have recourse to conjecture when he could avoid it {Comment, in Hippocr. ^ Epid. F/." i. praef, vol. xvii. pt. i. p. 794, ii. i9,ibid. p. 1005). M. Littr6,in the Introduction to his edition of Hippocrates (vol.i. p. 121), considers his chief fault to consist not so much in his prolixity as in his desire to support his own theories by the help of the writings of Hippocrates ; thus neglecting, in these works, the theories which do not agree with his own, and unduly exalting those which (like the doctrine of the four humours) form the basis of his own system. X. Philosophical and Miscellaneous Works. 131. Uepl Aipeffeuv to?? Elaayoixevois, De Sectis ad Tironcs, or ad eos qui introducuntur (vol. i.) 132. Upos &paav€ouov irepl 'ApiaTTis Atpeaeas, De Optima Secta ad Thrasylulum (vol. i.). 133. riepi ^Apiarrjs AiSaaKuXia^, De Optima Doctriiia (vol. i.) 134. Ilepi tcSj/ irapa 'ttjv A4^lu 'S.acpia-- fxoLTwv, De Sopliismatilus (vel Captionilus) penes Dictionem (vol. xiv.). 135. UporpeirriKos Aoyos iirl rds Tex^^s, Oratio Suasoria ad Aries (vol. i.). 1 36. Tlpos UaTpocpiXov irepl ^vaTdafcvs 'larpiKTjS, De Constitidimie Artis Medicae ad Patropjliilum (vol.i.). 137. TiepX T(2u 'iTTTTOKpaTOVS Kol HAciTto- vos AoyfiaTcav, De Hippocratis et Platonis Decretis (vol. v.). This is a philosophical and contro- versial work, directed against Chrysippus, and others of the old philosophers, and containing at the same time much physiological matter. It was begun probably about A. D. 165, and finished about the year 170. 138. Tex^rj 'larpiKri, Ars Me- dica (vol. i.). It is often called in old editions and MSS. Ars Parva^ to distinguish it from Galen's longer work, De Metkodo Medendi ; and this title is not unfrequently corrupted into Microtechni, Microtegni^ Tegne, &c. This is perhaps the most celebrated of all Galen's works, and was commonly used as a text-book in the middle ages. The number of Latin editions and commentaries is very great. 139. TlepX twv 'iSt'cov BiSXluv, De Libris Projrriis (vol. xix.). 140. UepX tt^s Td^eus tojv 'iSiwu Bi§iwv, De Ordine Lilrorwn Propriorum (vol. xix.). 141. UepX AiayvciaecfS Kal Qepanelas Twv iv Tp eKdarov "^vxfl 'iSiwv TlaOcuv^ De Dig- not ione et Curatione Vroprlorum cujusque Animi Affectuum (vol. v.). 142. TiepX Aiayvuaews koX Qepaneias TciiV eurrj eicd(TT0v'Vvxl 'AjUapTTj/uarwi', De Dignotioneet Curatione cujusque Animi Peccato- rum (vol. v.). 143. Eia-aywyr), rj 'lurpds, Intro- duclio, sen Medicus (vol. xiv.) ; of doubtful genu-
