1368 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLES OF consuls Manlius and Regulus defeat the Carthaginians by sea and land in Africa. Success of the Roman arms in Africa. Manlius returns to Rome with part of the array. Regulus remains in Africa. Coss. Ser, Fulvius Paetinus Nobilior. M. Aemilius PuuUus. Tenth year of the first Punic war. Regulus continues the war in Africa with great success, defeats the Carthaginians and takes Tunis ; but is afterwards defeated by the Carthaginians under the command of Xanthippus, and taken prisoner.^ The Romans equip a large fleet, which defeats the Carthaginians, and carries off from Africa the survivors of the army of Regu- lus ; but on its return to Italy it is wrecked, and most of the ships are destroyed. Coss. Cn. Cornelius Scipio Asina II. A. Atilius Calatinus II. Eleventh year of the first Punic war. The Romans, in three months, build another fleet of 220 ships. They take Panormus. Coss. Cn. Servilius Caepio. C. Sempronius Blaesus. Censs. T>. Junius Pera. Abd. L. Postumius Megellus. Mort. e. Twelfth year of the first Punic war. The two consuls ravage the coast of Africa. On their return to Italy, the Roman fleet is again wrecked. The senate resolve not to build another fleet. Tib. Coruncanius the first plebeian Pontifex Maximus. Coss. C. Aurelius Cotta. P. Servilius Geminus. Censs. M'. Valerius Maximus Messala. P. Sempronius Sophus. Thirteenth year of the first Punic war. The two consuls carry on the war in Sicily. Capture of Himera. Coss. L. Caecilius Metellus. C. Furius Pacilus. Fourteenth year of the first Punic war. The two consuls carry on the war in Sicily. Coss. C. Atilius Regulus (Serranus) II. L. Manlius Vulso (Longus) II. Fifteenth year of the first Punic war. Great victory of the proconsul Metellus at Pa- normus. Regulus sent to Rome to solicit peace, or at least an exchange of pri- soners. The Romans, on the contrary, resolve to prosecute the war with the greatest vigour. A new fleet built. The two consuls lay siege to Lilybaeum. [Arsaces founds the Parthian monarchy.] Coss. P. Claudius Pulcher. L. Junius Pullus. Diet. M. Claudius Glicia. Abd. A. Atilius Calatinus. Mag. Eq. L. Caecilius Metellus. Sixteenth year of the first Punic war. The consul Claudius defeated by sea. He is commanded by the senate to nominate a dictator, and nominates, in scorn, Glicia, who had been his scribe, but who is com- pelled to resign. The fleet of the other consul is wrecked. The dictator Atilius Calatinus crosses over into Sicily, being the first dictator who carried on war out , of Italy. B.C. 248 247 246 245 244 243 242 241 240 239 238 Coss. C. Aurelius Cotta II. P. Servilius Geminus II. Seventeenth year of the first Punic war. The consuls carry on the war in Sicily. Coss. L. Caecilius Metellus II. N. Fabius Buteo. Censs. A. Atilius Calatinus. A. Manlius Torquatus Atticus, Eighteenth year of the first Punic war. Hamilcar Barca appointed general of the Carthaginians. He ravages the coasts of Ital The citizens at the census are 25i;222. [Birth of Hannibal.] Coss. M'. Otacilius Crassus II. M. Fabius Licinus. Diet. Ti. Coruncanius. Mag. Eq. M. Fulvius Flaccus. Nineteenth year of the first Punic war. During this year, and for several succes- sive years, the war is chiefly defensive. Both parties are exhausted with the struggle. Hamilcar carries on the war with great skill. Coss. M. Fabius Buteo. C. Atilius Bulbus. Twentieth year of the first Punic war. Coss. A. Manlius Torquatus Atticus. C. Sempronius Blaesus II. Twenty-first year of the first Punic war. Coss. C. Fundanius Fundulus. C. Sulpicius Gallus. Twenty-second year of the first Punic war. The consul Fundanius defeats Hamilcar in Sicily. A second praetor appointed for the first time. Coss. C. Lutatius Catulus. A. Postumius Albinus. Twenty-third year of the first Punic war. The Romans again build a fleet. Coss. A. Manlius Torquatus Atticus II. Q. Lutatius Cerco. Censs. C. Aurelius Cotta. M. Fabius Buteo. Twenty-fourth and last year of the second Punic war. The proconsul Catulus de- feats the Carthaginians by sea, off the Aegates. Peace made with the Cartha- ginians. Sicily becomes a Roman pro- vince. Revolt and conquest of the Falisci. War of the Carthaginians with the mer- cenaries. The citizens at the census are 251,000. Coss. C. Claudius Centho. M, Sempronius Tuditanus. A colony sent to Spoletium. The Sardinians revolt from Carthage. Livius Andronicus begins to exhibit tragedies at Rome. Coss. C. Mamilius Turrinus. Q. Valerius Falto. Q. Ennius the poet born. Coss. Ti. Sempronius Gracchus. P. Valerius Falto. The Romans carry on war with the Boii and Ligurians. The Floralia instituted. Con- clusion of the war of the Carthaginians against their mercenaries, after it had lasted three years and four months. The Carthaginians are obliged to surrender
