JORDANES. of the Crusades, Joppa, which had ah'eady taken the name of Ja§a ('lacfa, Anna Comn. Alex. xi. p. 328), was alternately in tlie hands of the Chris- tians and Moslems. After its capture by Saludin (Wilken, Die Kreuzz, vol. iv. pp. 537, 539) it fell into the hands of our own Kichard (p. 545), was then sacked by Malek-al-Adel (vol. v. p. 25), was rebuilt by Frederick II. (vol. vi. p. 471) and Louis IX. (vol. vii. p. 316), when it was taken by Sultan Bibars (vol. vii. p. 517). As the landing- place for piltjrims to Jei-u.-alem, from the first Cru- sade to our own day, it occurs in all the Itineraries and books of travels, which describe the locality and natural unfitness of Jaffa for a haven, in terms very similar to those employed by the ancients. For coins of Joppa see Eckhel, vol. iii. p. 433. (Keland, Pa- laest. p. 864 ; Von Raumer, ralestina, p. 201 ; Viner, Jieahcurterbuch, s.v.; Robinson, Researches, vol. iii. p. 31 ; Rittcr, Erdknnde, vol. xvi. pt. i. pp. 574—580, Berlin, 1852.) [E. B. J.] JORDANES. [I'ALAKSTIXA.] lOS ('los: Eth. 'It/tt;s, 'I6T7)t), an island in the Aegaean sea, one of the Sporades, and falsely called by Steplianus one of the Cyclades, lay north of Thera and south of Paros and Naxos. According to Pliny, it was 25 miles in length, and was distant 18 miles from Naxos and 25 from Thera. (Plin. iv. 12. s. 23.) Both Pliny .and Siephanus state that it was ori- ginally called Phoenice. It possessed a town of the same name (Ptol. iii. 15. § 28), situated npon a height on the western side of the island. It has an exce lent harbour, of a circular funn, like the Pei- raeeus: its mouth faces the south-west, and is op- posite the island of Sicinus. The island is now called Nio (cV "icf); and when Ross visited it, in 1836, it contained .505 families or 2500 souls. The modern town is built upon the site of the ancient one, of which there are still remains. los was celebrated in antiquity as the burial- place of Homer, who is said to have died here on Ids voyage from Smyrna to Athens. Long afterwards, when the fame of the poet had filled the world, the inhabitants of los are reported to have erected the following inscription upon his tomb- — 'Ec0a5e tV 'ep'y Ki(pa)]v Kara yaTa KaKvmn 'AvSpuv rjpiiwv KOfffi-qTopa, detov "Ofx-qpcv. (Pseudo- Herod. Vit. Homer. 34, 36 ; comp. Scylax, p. 22; Strab. x. p. 484; Pans. x. 24. § 2 : Plin., Steph. //. cc.') It was also stated that Clymone, the mother of Homer, was a native of los, and that she was buried in the island (Pans., Steph, 13., ll.cc); and, according to Gellius (iii. 11), Aristotle related that Homer himself was bom in los. In 1771 a Dutch nobleman, Graf Pasch van Krienen, asserted that he had discovered the tomb of Homer in the northern part of the island; and in 1773 he pub- lished an account of his discovery, with some in- scriptions relating to Homer which he said he had found upon the tomb. Of this discoveiy a detailed JOVIA. C3 COIN OF lOS. account is given by Ross, wlio is disposed to believe the account of Pasch van Krienen ; but the original inscriptions have never been produced, and most modern scholars regard them as forgeries. (Ross, Reisen atif den Griech. Inseln, vol. i. pp. 54, 154, seq. ; Welcker, in Zeitschrift Jitr die Alterthiaiv- swissenschaft, 1844. p. 290, seq.) JOTABE ('IcDTagT;), an island in the Erythraean Sea, not less than 1000 stadia from the city of Aelana, inhabited by Jews who, formerly inde- pendent, accepted the yoke of the Empire during the reign of Justinian (Procop. /?. P. i. 19). It is now called Tiran, or Djeziret Tyran of Burkhardt {Trav. p. 531), the island at the entrance of the ChdJ" of Akahah. (Comp. Jouiii. of G cog. Soc. vol. vi. pp. 54, 55.) The modern name recalls the " Gens Tyra " of Pliny (vi. 33), placed by him in the interior of the Arabian gulf. (Rittcr, Erd- kunde, vol. xiii. pp. 223 — 225, vol. xiv. pp. 19, 262.) [E. B. J.] JOTA'PATA ('IbyrdiraTa : Eth. 'lwTanaT7]v6^, Steph. B. s. r.), a city of Galilee, standing on the summit of a lofty hill, rising abruptly on three siiles, from the deep and impassable ravines which sur- rounded it. Josephus, who manfully defended it against Ve>pasian, has told the story of its siege and capture : 1200 prisoners were taken, and 40,000 men fell by the sword during its protracted siege : Ves- pasian gave orders that the city should be razed to the ground, and all the defences burnt. Thus perished Jotapata on the first day of Panemus (July) (.6. J. iii. pp. 6 — 8 ; comp. Reland, Puluest. p. 867; llilman, Ilist. of Jeirs, vol. ii. pp.287 — 309). Mr. Bankes (Irby and lilangles, Trav. p. 299) has fixed the site at the singular remains of KuVat Ihn Ma' an, in the Wady-el-IIamam (comp. Burkhardt, Trav. p. 331; Rittcr, Erdkunde, voL XV. pt. i. p. 327), but Robinson {Researches, vol. iii. pp. 279 — 282) identifies these ruins with the Ak- uiiL.v of Galilee and its fortified caverns. [E. B. J.] JO'TAPE ('laiTar?;: Eth. 'IcoTaTreiTTjs), a small town of CiHcia, in the district called Selenitis, not far from Selinus. It is perhaps the same place as Lacrte, the native city of Diogenes Laertius. It is identified with the modem fort Lambardo. (Ptol. v. 8. § 2; Plin. v. 22; Concil. Choked, p. 659; Hierocl. p. 709, where it is called 'lora-Kri; comp. Laerte.) The coins of lotape belong to the emperors Philip and Valerian. [L. S.] JOVA'LIA, a town of Lower Pannonia, on the southern bank of the river Dravus. {Itin. Hieros. p. 562.) In the Peut. Tab. it is called lovallium, while Ptolemy (ii. 16. § 6.) calls it 'louoAAo;' or 'louSoAor, and the Geog. Rav. (iv. 19), loballios. It occupied, in all probability, the site of the modern village of Valpo. [L. S.] JOVEM, AD, in Gallia Aquitania, a Mutatio on the road from Burdigala {Bordeaux) to Tolosa {Toulotise) ; and between Bucconis and Tolosa. This Mutatio was seven leagues from Tolosa. D'Anville conjectures it to be at a place which he names Gvevin or Guerin. ■^■alckenaer fixes the JIutatio of Bucconis near the Bois du Bovconne. [G. L.] JO'VIA, a toMi in Lower Pannonia, south of the river Dravus, on the road from Poetovium to Mursa. {Itin. Hieros. p. 561 ; Itin.Ant. p. 130; Tab. Revt.) The site is generally identified with some ruins found at Toplika. Another place of the same name is mentioned in Upper Pannonia, on the same road {Itin. ^Kf. p. 2 64), and is identified with some ruins f lund at Jovincze. [L. S.]
