JkLEXAKDBI ARAE. ALEXANDBI ARAE or COLTJMNAE (ol ^AktdMfM /hiyiot). It was a well-known costom of tfar ttciMt oonqaerore from Seaostris downwards to auk tber progress, and espectally its fiirthest finatir br moDiunentB; and thus, in Cential Asia, Dnr the river Jasoutes {Sihouny, there were shown shin df Hercnles sod Bacchns, Cyras, Seminunis and Akzauder. (Plin. vi 16. s. 18; Solin. 49.) FfisT adds that Alexander's soldiers supposed the Jsxutes to be the Taiutjb, and Ptolemy (ill. 5. § 36) sctasllr plans al«ars of Alexander un the tme Taasic (AmX ^^uch Anunianna Msrcellinas (xzii. 6), canying the oonfiisian a step further, tanftn to the Borystbenes. (Ukert, vol. iii. pt. 2, pfw 38, 40, 71, 191, 196.) Respecting Alexander's shait in India, see Htphasis. [P. S.] AXGIDUS ("AA^iSor), a moontam of Latiom, ftrauBj; part of the Tok»nic group of the Alban Ifilh, tlMKigh detached from the central sommit, the Jioos Alhanoa or Monte Cavo^ and separated, as «dl from that as frxim the Tnsculan hills, by an dratod Tdley of ooDsiderable breadth. The extent ia vhich the name was applied is not certain, bat it mam to hare been a general appellatioo for the Doth-casteni portian of the Alban group, rather than that sf a particular mountain sommit. It is cele- Inted by Hocaoe for its black woods of holm-oaks {mgm firaei /rondit ta AIgido)y and for its cold sad flwvy climate (nnwi/t AlgidOj Carm, L 21. 6, in. S3. 9, IT. 4. 58): but its lower slopes became ifierwds ranch frequented by the Roman nobles as a phee of summer retirement, whence ^os Itali- OB giTCB it the epithet of amoena Algida (Sil. ItaL xn. 536; Ifaxtial, x. 30. 6). It has now veiy Dodi le sa me d ita ancient aspect, and is covered with dease fvests, which are frequently the haunts of biadittL At an eariier period it plays an important part in the bistory of Bcnne, being the theatre of nomberless eoafikti between the Romans and Aequians. It is not deaririiether it was — as supposed by Dionysins (x. 21), who is followed by Niebuhr (vol. u. p. 258) — ever iadnded in the proper territories of the A(v{nus: the expressions of Livy would certainly iad to a oontrary conclusion: but it was continaally oenqied by them as an advanced post, which at once ■KQted their own oommunicatlons with theVolsdans, and intereepted thoQe of the Romans and Latins with their allies the Hemlcans. The elevated plain «bkh sqarated it from the Tuscukn hills thus beenne tbdr habitual field of battle. (Liv. ill. 2, S3, S5.&C; Dion. HaL x. 21, xL 3, 23, &c.; Ovid, /cut TL 721.) Of the expldts of which it was the sGcae, the most celebrated are the victory of Cindn- ntas over the Aequians under Cloelius Gracchus, ia B^C. 458, and that of Postumius I'tibertus, in a. c 428, over the combined forces of the Aequians sad V'okdans. The last occasbn on which we find ibe fianner people encamping on Mt. Algidus, was in B. c. 415. Ia Ktcnd passages IMonysius speaks of a town ■aiaed Algidus, but Livy nowhere alludes to the m4nicf of such a place, nor does his narrative admit of the supposition: and it is probable that DioByeina has nii«taken the language of the an- aafirts, and rendered *< in Algido " by iv v6Xti 'AA- Tflr. (Diooys. X. 21, xi. 3; Steph. B. *. r. "AX^- <•*, probaUy copies Dionysius.) In Strabo*s time, howrrer, it is certain that there was a small town (vaAj'xrMr) of tlie name (Strab. p. 237): but if ae can construe his wonls strictly, tliis must have ALISO. 103 been lower down, on the southern slope of the hill ; and was probably a growth of later times. It was situated on the Via Latina; and the gorge w narrow pass through which that road emerged from the hills is still called la Cava deW Aglio^ the latter word being evidently a corruption of Algidus. (Nibby, DitUomi di Boma^ vol. i. p. 123.) We find mention in veiy early times of a temple of Fortune on Mt. Algidus (Liv. xxi. 62), and we learn also that the mountain itself was sacred to Diana, who appears to have had there a temple of ancient celebrity. (Hor. Coirm, Saec. 69.) Exist- ing remains on the summit of one of the ycaiks of the ridge are referred, with much probability, to this temple, which appears to have stood on an elevated platform, supported by terraces and walls of a very massive construction, giving to the whole much of the character of a fortress, in the same tnanner as in the case of the Capitol at Rome. These remains — which are not easy of access, on account of the dense woods with which they are surrounded, and hence appear to have been unknown to earlier writers — are described by Gell {Topography of Rome^ p. 42) and Nibby {Dwtomi di Roma^ vol, i. p. 121), but more fully and accurately by Abeken {Mittel' ItaUen, p. 215> [E. H. B.] ALINDA ("AAiyJa: E(h.*AXuv9^is), a city of Caria, which was surrendered to Alexander by Ada, queen of Caria. It was one of the strongest places in Caria (Arrian. Anab. i. 23; Strab. p. 657). Its position seems to be properly fixed by Fellows {IHs- coveriea tn Lycia^ p. 58) at Demmeergee-derasifj between Arab Hlssa and Karpuslee, on a steep rock. He found no inscriptions, but out of twenty copper coins obtained here five had the epigraph Alinda. [G. L.] ALIPHEIIA (*AAf<^pa, Paus.; Aliphera, Liv. ; 'AX^^cipo, Polyb. : Eth. ^AXuprjptvSf *Auf>ripa2ttSy on coins AAI^EIPEON, Aliphiraeus, Plin. iv. 6. s. 10. § 22), a town of Arcadia, in the district Cynuria, said to have been built by Alipherus, a son of Lycaon, was situated upon a steep and lofty bill, 40 stadia S. of the Alpheius and near the frtoitiers of Elis. A large number of its inhabitants removed to Mega- lopolis upon the foundation of the latter city in B.C. 371; but it still continued to be a place of some importance. It was ceded to the Eleans by Lydiades, when tyrant of M^alopolls; but it was taken from them by Philip in the Social War, b. c. 219, and restored to Megalopolis. It contained temples of Asclepius and Athena, and a celebrated bronze statue by Hypatodorus of the latter goddess, who was said to have been bom here. There are still considerable remains of this town on the hill of NerdvUzay which has a tabular summit about 300 yards long in the direction of £. and W., 100 yards broad, and surrounded by remains of Hellenic walls. At the south-eastern angle, a part rather higher than the rest formed an acropolis: it was about 70 yards long and half as much broad. The walls are built of polygonal and regular masonry inter- mixed. (Paus. viu. 3. § 4, 26. § 5, 27. §§ 4, 7; Polyb. iv. 77, 78 ; Liv. xxviii. 8 ; Steph. B. s, v. ; Leake, MorecLy vol. ii. p. 72, seq. ; Ro6s, Reuen im PelapormeSy vol. i. p. 102 ; Curtius, Peloponne30Sy vol. i. p. 361, seq.) ALPSO or ALI'SUM CEKlawv/AXwov. per- haps EUeUj near Paderborn), a strong fortress in Germany, built by Drusus in b. c. 11, for the pur- pose of E^ccuring the advantages which had been gained, and to have a safe place in Yhich the liomaus II 4
