ANCONA. tliU oIM Jaeoma. It Haa utDKlcd OD s promon- B- elbow, ti port, fnni whidi 1 dcrirad ils Greek niune qf "ATmir, ttteOm (StnbLT. p.241; UeU, ii. 4; Procbp. £ C. iL 13. p. 197.) Plinj, indted, »ppe»rs to re- f^nl it lA **»"mm1 from itft positum At the angte or efiov fjnzied bj the coast line At thiA point (in ijvo fiKlmtit M crae cabila, iii. IS. b. IS), but Uiis ia inlabiy QroDeoiu. The prcCDHitoij on which the diT hielf b ntoated, ia ctmiMCted with > nure lDft7 Dnntun mus inmiiig n bold hodlud, theCcHB- ira gf Plinj, still kucwa d M(mU Comero. An> om wu thE (nly Gnek cukuij on this part of the cut of Italj, luTiDg Ikcd founded aboot 330 B. c. Vj Sjnciuan eiila, who fled tillher lo aToid the ^^BnoftheeldefDimTdna. (Stnib. It) Hence it it oDed Dorica Anam b; Javenal (ir. 40), and i b7 Scflu (§ IT, p. 6), who nolico dties. Wa hxn no accotmt of its ex- D earUer paiod, for though FJiny refera an to the Sicnli (_Lc.; see also Solin. 2. I 10). thk is probablr a men miicancepiian of the Bet that it was a cniony frim Sidl;. We lesm ■Dthing ot ita earlj hiaterj : bnt it appears to bare i^idlj nam into a plan of inportana, owing to tlic ^[crikncs of ita port (the onlj natural harbonr alag ling liu of ooaat) and the great fertilitj of the ad^uing coontiy. (Stnb. L c; Phn. lir. 6.) It was noted abo for ila purple dje, which, according ta SfGoa Italicna (liii. 43S), waa not inferior to thnte irf Phoenida or Afriok The period at which ii Ircaae ssbject to the Ronuna ia tmoertuii, bat it {nljahlT IbUowed the fate of the reet of Ficenum; ia a. c- 1 78 we find them making nse of it aa a aaral atatkm against the llljriana and Istrions. (Ut. iH. 1.) On the outbreak of the Civil War it waa Dfni|Hd bj Caesar as a place of important^, ■BmediBfalj after he had passed the Rubicon; and we find it in later timca serving as the principal Saknalia. (Caea. B. C. I II; Cic. ad Alt. vii. II. ^/'■at.ivL Ii; Tac .Jna. iii. 9.) Aa earlj as the tinw of C. Gncchaa a part of its tarritorj sff^tfi to have been assigned to Boman colonists; mi snbseqnentlr Antony established then two lipo^ of nlerans which badserredoDder J.Caeeai. h pnbablf fint acquired at this time the rank of a Boinan taloBj, wbicb we f nd it enji^ing in the time J PfiHT, and wluch is commemorated in sereral oi- tsat ioKTiptuos. (App. B. C. t. 23; Lib. Colon. ff. tas, 237, 353: Grater, pp. 451. 3, 465. 6; iCompI, de Cotom. p. 333.) It tecdred great bene- ita frvn Trajan, who improred its port by tbo con- citDetJiB of a new mole, wbidi still remaina in good fccKT^iticn. On it waa erected, in hoooar of the mpem'. a triomphal arch, bnilt entirely of white Burble, which, bi*h inxa its perfect jreservation and the Hg>itTfc^« and el^ance of ita architecture, is ge- laaDy r^arded aa one of the must beautitnl monu- aata ctf ita dasa remaining in Itdy. Some remains ■ alteat the flonrishing craidition the Boman Empire. The temple tf Voma, nlebiated both by Jarenal and CaluUua (Jar. iT.40; Calall.iiirL 13), has altogether dis- sffEaml ; bat it in all pobabilitj occu^ed the same siti ■■ the nudera cathedral, on the smnmit of the kfty hiil that ccnnoands the whole dty and consti- talet the rsnaikaUe htudland from which it deriTa ANCyRA. 133 We find Ancona ikying an important port dnring the conteibi of Belisaiins and Karsee with the Gotba in Italj. (Procop. B. G. ii. 11, 13, iii. 30, ir. 23.) It alWwirds beouna one of the chief citiea of the Exarchate of RaTenna, and continued throi^ghoat the Middle Agee, as it does at the present day, to bo one of the nkoet floonshing and commerdal cities of central Italy. The annexed coin of Ancena belongs to the periid of the Greek colony: it bears^on 3m obverse the bead of Venus, ibe tatelarj deify of the dty, on the Caesarea, belonging to the Lesser Atlas chain, and fbnning the S. limit of the valley of the Chi- nalaph (.Shellif). It was celebrated for the tico called dina (a spedes of cedar or juniper), tbo wood of which waa highly esteemed by the Romans for fumitnre. Pliny mentiona aeveral instances of the extravagant prices given fer it (Plin. H. A'. xiii. 16. e.29;Amm. Marc-Dv, 5.) [P. S.] ANCY'KA C'A7K«pa: Elk. •Aynuparis, Ancy- rnnus.) 1. A town of Phrygia Kjacletus. Strabo (p. 567) calls it a " smsU dtj, or hill-fort, near Blandoe, towards Lydia." In another passage (p. 576) he says that the Rhyndacns, which flows into the Proponlia, receives the Macestns from Ancjra Abasitis. Cramer {Alia MmoT, vol. ii. p. 12) comets Abasitis into Abbaitis, on the authority •£ As the Hacestua ia the Sutuyherli Su, or the Simani 5u, as it is called in its upper coarse, Ancyra mnst be at or near the sonrce of this river. The lake of Simaal is the source of the Macesloe, and close to the lake is " a remarkable looking bill, the Acropolis of an indent city." This pUce appeals to be An- cyTa. The river flows from the lake in a deep and Z'd stream; and no large stream runs into the t SimatJ seems to bo a corruption of Synnaus, or Synans, and to be on or near the site of Svnnau.«. Ancyra was on the lake, 7 or B miles WN'W. of Simanl. (Hamilton, Rtiearcia, (fc. voL ii. p. 124, seq.) 3. iAoffora or Engarch), a town of Galatia, near a small sliesni, which seems to enter the Ssngirius. Ancyra origmally belonged to Phrygia. The my- thicatfounderwBsldidas, the aonof Gordins. (Paus. ]. 4.) Midas found an anchor on the spot, and ac- cordingly gave the name to the town ; a story which would Imply that the name for anchor (AyKvpa) was tbs same ia the Grtdi and in the Phrygian Ian. gnages. Pauaanuis confinne the story by saying that the anchor remained to his time in the temple of Zeus. Stephanos (i, v. 'Ayrvfia) gives another stoiy about the name, which is chronologically false, if Ancyra was ao called in the time of Alenandcr. (Aman. Aftab. ii. 4.) The town became the chief place of the Tectosagea (Strnb. p. 567), a Gallio tribe from the ndghbourhood ot I'onlonse, which
