when they joined the league of the Cherusci. The Germans were defeated on that occasion in two great battles, at Istavisus, and at a point a little more to the south. (Tacit. Ann. ii. 8, 22, 41.) About A.D. 100, when the Cheruscan league was broken up, the Angrivarii, in conjunction with the Chamavi, attacked the neighbouring Bructeri, and made themselves masters of their country, so that the country bearing in the middle ages the name of Angaria (Engern), became part of their territory. (Tacit. Germ. 34; comp. Wilhelm, Germanien, p. 162, foll.; Ledebur, Land u. Volk der Bructerer, pp. 121, 240, foll)
[L.S.]
ANGULUS (
Greek characters) Eth. Angulanus), a city
of the Vestini, mentioned both by Pliny and Ptolemy,
as well as in the Itin. Ant. (p. 313), where the
name is written Angelum, a corruption which appears
to have early come into general use, and has given
rise to a curious metamorphosis, the modern town
retaining its ancient name as that of its patron saint:
it is now called Civita Sant Angelo. It is situated
on a hill, about 4 miles from the Adriatic, and S. of
the river Matrinus (la Piomba) which separated the
Vestini from the territory of Adria and Picenum.
The Itinerary erroneously places it S. of the Aternus,
in which case it would have belonged to the Frentani. (Plin. iii. 12. s. 17; Ptol iii. 1. § 59; Cluver.
Ital. p. 751; Romanelli, vol. iii. p. 254.) [E.H.B.]
ANIGRAEA. [Argos.]
ANI'GRUS ((Greek characters): Mavro-potamó, i. e. Black River), a small river in the Triphylian Elis, called
Muyeins ((Greek characters)) by Homer (Il. xi. 721), rises
in Mt. Lapithas, and before reaching the Ionian sea
loses itself near Samicum in pestilential marshes.
Its waters had an offensive smell, and its fish were
not estable. This was ascribed to the Centaurs
having washed in the water after they had been
wounded by the poisoned arrows of Heracles. Near
amicum were caverns sacred to the nymphs Anigrides ((Greek characters) or (Greek characters)), where persons
with cutaneous diseases were cured by the waters of
the river. General Gordon, who visited these caverns
in 1835, found in one of them water distilling from
the rock, and bringing with it a pare yellow sulphur.
The Acidas, which some persons regarded as the
Lardanus of Horner, flowed into the Anigrus. (Strab.
pp. 344-347; Pans. v. 5. §§ 3, 7, seq. v. 6. § 3;
Or. Met. xv. 281; Leake, Morea, vol. i. pp. 54, 66,
seq., Peloponnesiaca, pp. 108, 110; Ross, Reisen im Peloponnes, vol. i. p. 105.)
ANINE'TUM ((Greek characters)), a town in Lydia of
uncertain site, the seat of a bishopric, of which coins
are extant, bearing the epigraph (Greek characters). (Hierecl. p. 659, with Wesseling's note; Sestini, p. 105.)
ANIO or ANIEN (the latter form is the more
ancient, whence in the oblique cases ANIENIS,
AFIESE, &c. are used by all the best writers: but
the nominative ANTEN is found only in Cato, ap.
Prisciam, vi. 3. p. 229, and some of the later poets.
Stat. Silv. i. 3. 20, 5. 25. Of the Greeks Strabo has
'Arias, Dionysius uses 'Arins,-πros). A celebrated
river of Latium, and one of the most considerable of
the tributaries of the Tiber, now called the Teverone.
It rises in the Apennines about 3 miles above the
town of Treba (Trevi) and just below the modern
village of Filettino. (Plin. iii. 12. s. 17; Frontin.
de Aquaeduct. 93; Strabo erroneously connects its
sources with the Lake Fucinus, v. p. 235.) From
thence it descends rapidly to Subiaco (Sublaqueum),
mmediately above which it formed in ancient times
small lake or rather a series of lakes, which were
probably of artificial construction, as all trace of
them has now disappeared. [SUBLAQUEUM.] It
flows from thence for about 10 miles in a NW.
direction, through a deep and narrow valley between
lofty mountains, until just below the village of
Roviano, where it turns abruptly to the SW. and
pursues its course in that direction until it emerges
from the mountains at Tibur (Tivoli), close to which
town it forms a celebrated cascade, falling at once
through a height of above 80 feet. The present
cascade is artificial, the waters of the river having
been carried through a tunnel constructed for the
purpose in 1884, and that which previously existed
was in part also due to the labours of Pope Sixtus V.;
but the Anio always formed a striking water-fall at
this point, which we find repeatedly mentioned by
ancient writers. (Strab. v. p. 238; Dionys. v. 37;
Hor. Carm. i. 7. 13; Stat. Silv. i. 3. 73, 5. 25;
Propert. iii. 16. 4.) After issuing from the deep
glen beneath the town of Tivoli, the Anio loses
much of the rapidity and violence which had marked
the upper part of its current, and pursues a winding
course through the plain of the Campagna till it
joins the Tiber about 3 miles above Rome, close to
the site of the ancient Antemnae. During this latter
part of its course it was commonly regarded as
forming the boundary between Latium and the Sabine
territory (Dionys. l. c.), but on this subject there
is great discrepancy among ancient authors. From
below Tibur to its confluence the Anio was readily
navigable, and was much used by the Romans for
bringing down timber and other building materials
from the mountains, as well as for transporting to
the city the building stone from the various quarries
on its banks, especially from those near Tibur, which
produced the celebrated lapis Tiburtinus, the Tra-
vertino of modern Italians. (Strab. v. p. 238; Plin.
iii. 5. 8. 9.)
The Anio receives scarcely any tributaries of im-
portance: the most considerable is the DIGENTIA of
Horace (Ep. i. 18. 104) now called the Licenza
which joins it near Bardella (Mandela) about 9 miles
above Tivoli. Six miles below that town it receives
the sulphureous waters of the ALBULA. Several
other small streams fall into it during its course
through the Campagna, but of none of these have
the ancient names been preserved. The waters of the
Anio in the upper part of its course are very limpid
and pure, for which reason a part of them was in
ancient times diverted by aqueducts for the supply
of the city of Rome. The first of these, called for
distinction sake Anio Vetus, was constructed in
B. C. 271 by M'. Curins Dentatus and Fulvius
Flaccus: it branched off about a mile above Tibur,
and 20 miles from Rome, but on account of its ne-
cessary windings was 43 miles in length. The
second, constructed by the emperor Claudius, aud
known as the Anio Novus, took up the stream at
the distance of 42 miles from Rome, and 6 from
Sublaqueum: its course was not less than 58, or
according to another statement 62 miles in length,
and it preserved the highest level of all the numerous
aqueducts which supplied the city. (Frontin. de
Aquaeduct. §§ 6, 13, 15; Nibby, Dintorni, vol. i.
pp. 156-160.)
[E. H. B.]
ANITORGIS, or ANISTORGIS, a town in Spain
of uncertain site, mentioned only by Livy (xxv. 32),
supposed by some modern writers, but without suffi-
cient reason, to be the same as Conistorsis. [CONI-
STORSIS.]
ANNAEA or ANAEA ("Avvala, 'Avala: Eth.
