150 ANTIVESTAEUM. Q. Viikrius, the Roman annalist, was a native of Antiam, from whence he derived the surname of Antias, by which he is commoolj known. [E.H.B.] ANTIVE^AEUM. [Bellerium.] ANTONA. [AuFONA.] ANTONrNI VALLUM. tBBIiUWui.J^ ANTONXNOTOLIS. [Cokstaktia, or CoK- STAinTNA.^ ANTRON CAj^pj^y, Horn. Strab.; 'AirrpwFcj, Dem.: Eih. *APTp^yios: Fan6)^ a town of Theesaly in the district PhtMotis, at the entrance of the Maliac gulf, and opposite Oreas in Enboea. It is mentioned in the Ihad (ii. 697) as one of the cities of ProtesiUtns, and also in the Homeric hymn to Demeter (489) as under the protection of that god- dess. It was purchased by Philip of Macedon, and was taken by the Romans in their war with Perseos. (Dem. Phil vr. p. 133, Rdske; Liv. xUL 42, 67.) It probably owed its long existence to the composition <£ its rocks, which furmshed some of the best mill- stones in Greece; hence the epitlietof 7rerp4ins given to it in the hymn to Demeter (J. c). Off Antron was a sunken rock (ipiM ^tpaXov) called the "Ovos ^AvTfnnfoSy or mill-stone of Antron. (Strab. p. 435 ; Steph. B. s. v.; Hesych. », v, MuAi); EostaUi. i» II. L c; Leake, Northern Greece, vol. iv. p. 349.) ANTUNNAGUM (Andemach), a Roman post on the left bank of the Rhine, in the territory of the Ubii. [Trevtri.] It is placed in the Itineraries, on the road that ran along the west bank of the river ; and it is also placed by Ammianns Marcellinns (xviii. 2) between Bonna (^Borm) and Bingium (Bingen), in his list of the seven towns on the Rhine, which Ju- liaims repaired during his government of Gaul. Antunnacnm had been damaged or nearly destroyed by the Germans, with other towns on this bank of the Rhine. Antunnacnm is proved by inscriptions to have been, at one time, the quarters of the L^o X. Gemina; and the transition to the modem appellation appears from its name " Anternacha," in the Geograj^er of Ravenna. (Forbiger, Handbueh der alten Geog. vol. iii. p. 155, 248.) The wooden bridge which Caesar constructed (B.C. 55) fw the purpose of conveying his troops across the Rhine into Germany, was probably be- tween Andemach and Cobknz, and perhaps nearer Andemach, The passages of Caesar from which we must attempt to determine the position of his bridge, for he gives no names of plac^ to guide us, are : ■— A G. iv. 15, &c., vi. 8, 35.4 [G. L.] ANXANUM or ANXACAy^ovoF ? £<A. Anxanus, Plin. ; Anzas, -fttis, Anxianus, Inscrr.) I . A city of the Frantani, sitUAted on a hill about 5 miles from the Adriatic, and 8 from the mouth of the river Sagrus or Sangro, It is not mentioned in history, but is noticed both by Pliny and Ptolemy among the cities of the Frentani; and from numerous inscriptions which have been discovered on the site, it appears to have been a municipal town of considerable import* auce. Its territory appears to have been assigned to military colonists by Julius Caesar, but it did not retain the rank of a colony. (Plin. iii. 12. s. 17; Ptol. iii. 1. § 65; Lib. Colon, p. 259; Zumpt, d& Colon, p. 307.) The name is retained by the modem city of Landano (the see of an archbishop, and one of the most pc^mlous and flourisliing places in this part of Italy), but the original site of the ancient dty appears to have been at a spot called II CasteUare, near the chureh of Sta. Gituta, about a mile to the N£. of the modem town, where nume- rous inscriptions, as well as foundations and vestiges AORmiS. of andent buildings, have been discovered. Otlirr inscriptions, and remains of an aqueduct, mosaic pavements, &c., have also been founid in the part of the present city still called LancUoM Veochio, which thus appears to have been peopled at least under ihe Roman empire. From one of these inscriptioi» it would appear that Ansanum had already become an important emporium or centre of trade for all the surrounding country, as it continued to be during the middle ages, and to which it still owes its presoit importance. (Roomnelli, vol. iii. pp. 55 — 62 ; Gia»- tiniani, Diz. Geogr. vol. v. pp. 196 — ^205.) The Itineraries give the distances £rom Anxannm to Or- tona at ziii. miles (probably an error for ^iii.), to Pallanum xvi., and to Histonium (/Z VaMki) xxv. (Itin. Ant p. SIS; Tab. Pent.) 2. A town of Apulia situated on the coast of the Adriatic, between Sipontum and the month of the Auiidtts. The Tab. Pent places it at 9 M. P. from the former city, a distance which coincides with the Torre di BivoU, where there are some ancient re- mains. (Romanelli, vol. ii. p. 204.) [E. H. B.] ANXUR. [Tarracesta.] A'ONES Q'Aoves), the name of some of the most ancient inhabitants of Boeotia, who derived their wigin from Aon, a son of Poseidon. (Strab. p. 401, seq. ; Pans. iz. 5. § I ; Lycophr. 1209 ; Ant. Lib. 25 ; Steph. B. «. rv. "Aorcf , Boitrria.) They appear to have dwelt chiefly in the rich plains about Thebes, a portion of which was called the Aonian plain in the time df Strabo (p. 412). Both by the Greek and Roman writers Boeotia is frequently onlled Aonia, and tlie adjective Aonius is used as synonymous with Boeotian. (Callim. Del. 75; Serv. ad Virg, Aen. vi. 65; Gell. xiv. 6.) Hence the Muses, who frequented Mt Helic(Hi in Boeotia, are called Aonides and Aoniae Sorores. (Ov. Met. v. 333; Juv. vii. 58, et alibi; cf. Mtiller, Orchomenos, p. 124, se^. 2nd ed.) AO'NLL TAONKS.] AORNUS (5 'Aopvos wirpa, i. e. the Rock inac- oeseible to birds). 1. In IndU intra Gangem,alofty and precipitous rock, where the Indians of the country N. of the Indus, between it and the Cophen (^Cabul), and particularly the people of Bazira, made a stand against Alexander, b. c. 327. (Ar- rian. Anab. iv. 28, foil., Ind. 5. § 10; Diod. xvii. 85; Curt viii. 11; Strab. xv. p. 688.) It is de- scribed as 200 stadia in circuit, and from 11 to 16 in height (nearly 7000 — 10,000 feet), perpen- dicular on aU sides, and with a level summit, abounding in springs, woods, and cultivated ground. It seems to have been commonly used as a refuge in war, and was regarded as impregnable. The tradition, that Heroules had tiirioe failed to take it, inflamed still more Alexander's constant ambition of achieving seeming impossibilities. By a com- bination of stratagems and bold attacks, which are related at length by the historians, he drove the Indians to desert the post in a sort of panic, and, setting upon them in their retreat^ destroyed meet of them. Having celebrated his victory with sacri- fices, and erected on the mountain altars to Minerva and Victory, he established there a garrison under the command of Sisicottus. It is impossible to determine, with certainty, the po^ sition of Aomos. It was clearly somewhere on the N. side of the Indus, in the angle between it and the Cophen (CoittQ. It was very near a ci^ called Era- bolioia, on Uie Indus, the name of waich points to a position at the mouth of some trihutury river. This
