194 ABGOBRIGA. cinrn to Tmscnm, probably near Safka or SUttina, on the river JVIera, [P. S.] ARCOBRI'GA QkpK66piya, Ptol. ii. 6. §58: Arcobrigenses, Plin. iii. 3. s. 4 : Arcos)^ a stipen- diary city of the Celtiberi, in Hlspania TarraconensLs, between Scgontia and Aquae Bilbitanorum, on the high road from Emerita to Gaesaraugosta. (/<in. AnL pp. 437, 438.) [P. S.] ARGONNE'SUS qPifK6rvfi<roi), a small island of Garia, near to the mainland, and south of Halicar- nassns. It is now called Or<ik Ada, When Alex- ander besieged Halicamassns, some of the inhabitants fled to this island. (Arrian, Anab. L 23; Strabo, p. 656; Chart of the Prom, ofHalicamastUi, fc,, in Beaufort's Karamaiaia; Hamilton, Retearchet^ ii. 34.) Strabo (p. 643) mentions an island, Aspis, between Teos and Lebedus, and he adds that it was also called Arconnesns. Ghandler, who saw the island from the mainland, says that it is called Carabash, Barbie du Bocage (^Tranahtion of Chandler's JVa- veU, i. p. 422) says that it is adled in the charts Sainte-Eupheme, This seems to be the island Macris of Livy (zzxvii. 28), for he describes it as opposite to the promontoiy on which Myonnesns was situated. Gramer {Asia Minor j yd. i. p. 355) takes Macris to be a different island from Aspis. [G. L.] ARDABDA, AKDAUDA {'ApMZa, 'ApSa^), signifying the city of the seven gods, was the name given by the Alani or the Tanri to the city q£ Thbodosia on the.Tauric Ghersonese. (^Anon, Peripl, Pont, Eux, p. 5.) [P. S.] ARDANIS or ARDANIA ("Af Sovlf &ic/Ki, PtoL iv. 5. §2; Peripl.; 'AfOca^la, Strab. i. p. 40, cor- rupted into 'Apfkufd^ris, zviL p. 838 : Bas-al-AfUkr), a low promontory, with a roadstead, <hi the N. coast of Africa, in that part of Mannarica which belonged to Gyrene, between Petra Magna and Meuelaus Par- tus; at the point where the coast suddenly &lls off to the S. bef<»e the conmiencement of the Catabath- mus Magnus. [P. S.1 AllDEACApSM: Eth. 'Ap6«tnis, Anieas, -fitis), a very ancient city of Latium, stlU called Ardett, situated on a small river about 4 miles from the sea- coast, and 24 miles S. of Rome. Pliny and Mela reckon it among the maritime cities of Latium: Strabo and Ptolemy more correctly place it inland, but the fonner greatly overstates its distance from the sea at 70 stadia. (Plin. in. 5. s. 9 ; Mela, ii. 4 ; Strab. V. p. 232; Ptol. iii. 1. § 61.) All ancient writers agree in representing it as a city of great an- tiquity, and in very early times one of the most wealthy and powerful in this part of Italy. Its foundation was ascribed by some writers to a son of Ulysses and Girce (Xenag. ap. Dion. Hal. i. 72; Steph. B. V. *Ap8ca); but the more common tradi- tion, followed by VirgU as well as by Pliny and So- linus, represented it as founded by Danae, the mother of Perseus. Both accounts may be consi- dered as pointmg to a Pelasgic origin; and Kiebuhr regards it as the capital or chief city of the Pelas- gian portion of the Latin nation, and considers the name of its king Tumtts as connected with that of the Tyrrhenians, (Viig. Aen. viL 410; Plin. I c; Solin. 2. § 5; Niebuhr, vol. i. p. 44, vol. ii. p. 21.) It appears in the l^endary histoiy of Aeneas as the capital of the Rutuli, a people who had disappeared or become absorbed into the Latin nation before the commencement of the historical period: but their king Tumus is represented as dependent on Latinos, though holding a separate sovereignty. The tra- dition mentioned by Livy (xxi. 7), that the Ardeans ABDEA. had united with the Zacynthians in the fbandaddo of Saguntnm in Spain, also points to the early power and prosperity ascribed to the dty. In the historical period Ardea had become a pnrely Latin city, and its name appears among the thirty which constitnted the Latin League. (IMod. Hal. v. 61.) Acoordiog to the received histoiy of Rome, it was besi^ed by Tarquinius Superbus, and it was during this hog- I»otracted siege that the events occurred which kd to the ezpoloon of this monarch. (Liv. i. 57 — 60; DioD. Hal. iv. 64.) But though we are told that, in consequence of that revolution, a truce finr 15 years was concluded, and Ardea was not taken, yet it appears immediately afterwards in the first treaty with Garthage, as one of the cities then subject to Rome. (Pol. iii. 22.) It is equally remarkable that though the Roman historians speak in high terms of the wealth and prosperity it then enjoysd (Liv. L 57), it seems to have finoin this time sunk into comparative insignificance, and never aj^wars in history as taking a prominent part among the dtjes of Latium. The next mention we find of it Ib on occasion of a dispute with Aricia for possession of the vacant territory of G<»ioli, which was referred by the consent of the two cities to the aihitration of the Romans, who iniquitously pronounced the dispntoi lands to belong to themselves. (Liv. iiL 71, 72.) Notwithstanding this injury, the Ardeates were in- duced to renew their friendship and alliance with Rome: and, shortly after, their city being agitated by internal dissensions between the nobles and ple- beians, the former called in the assistance of the Romans, with whose aid they overcame the popular party and their Volscian allies. But thaw troubles and the expulsion of a large number of the defeated party had reduced Ardea to a low condition, and it was content to receive a Roman ookmy for its pro- tection against the Yolsdans, b. c 442. (Liv. iv. 7, 9, 11 ; Died, xil 34.) In the legoidaiy histoiy of Gamillus Ardea plays an important part: it afforded him an asylum in his exile ; and the Ardeates are represented as contributing greatly to the very apocryphal victories by which the Ranans are said to have avenged themselves on the Gauls. (Liv. v. 44, 48; Pint. CajmU.23, 24.) From this time Ardea disappears from history as an independent city; and no mention of it is found on occasion of the great final struggle of the Latins against Roane in b. a 340. It appears to have gra- dually lapsed into lite condition of aa ordinary " Colo- nia Latina," and was one of the twelve which in b. c. 209 declared themselves unable to bear any longer their share of the burthens oast on them by the Second Punic War. (Liv. xxvii. 9.) We may hence pre- sume that it was then already in a dediniug state; though on account of the strength of its position, we find it selected in b. c. 186 as the place of confine- ment of Minius Gerrinius, one of the chief perNOS implicated in the Bacchanalian mysteries. (Liv. xxxix. 19.) It afterwards suffered severely, in common with the other cities of this part of Latium^ from the ravages of the ^amnites during the ci'il wars between Marius and Sulla: and Stnbo speaks of it in his time as a poor decayed place. Virgil also telb us that there remained of Ardea only a great name, but its fortune was past away. (Strab. V. p. 232; Vii^. Aen. vii. 413; Sil. Ital. I 291.) The unheakhinees of its situation and neighbour- hood, noticed by Strabo and various other writers (Strab. p. 231: Seneca, Ep. 105; ftlartial, iv. 60), doubtless contributed to its decay: and Juvenal tella
