Arverni, named Luer, is mentioned by Strabo, who as he rode in his chariot used to throw about him gold and silver coin, for the people to pick up. He was the father of Bituitus, king of the Arverni at the time of the campaign of Fabius Maximus.
The Romans seem to have first met the Arverni in B.C. 121. The Aedni and Allobroges were at
war, and the Allobroges had the Arvemi and Bnteni
as allies. Q. Fabins Maadmos defeated the Allo-
brofpes and their allies with great slaughter, at the
ecnfhience of the Rhone and Uie Isere. (Floras, iii.
2; Veil. Pat. iL 10; OrQe.T. 14.) The Allobroges
were made Roman sabjectSi bat the Aryemi and the
Kateii lost none of their emUxcy {B. G. L 45). In
bet their position defended them, for the wall of the
C^reones was the natural boondary of the Provinda
CO the NW. Some years before Caesar was procon-
sni of Gallia the Anremi had joined the Sequani in
inviting Ariovistiia and his Germans into Gallia, in
Older to balance the power of the Aedni, who were
allies of the Romans. The German had become the
tjnat of the Sequani, but the territoiy of the Ar-
venii had not been touched by him when Caesar en-
texed Gallia (B.C. 58). In B.C. 52, when Gallia
was tranqoillizied, as Caesar says, a general rising of
the Galli took place. The Camutes broke ont
first; and next Vercingetorix, an Arvemian, whose
fidur bad held the chief power (principatos) in all
GaiSa, rouaed his covmtrymen. This was the be-
pmung ci a great contest and the last straggle of
the Gaili. VerdDgetorix commanded the combined
fntes {B. G. vii. 63, 64). The war was finished by
the captnre of Alesia, and Verdngetorix fell into the
bmds of Caesar. He was carried to Rome, and kept
a pramer till Caesar*8 great triumph, when the life
flf thk brare and nnsncoessfol Gaol was ended in
Bfloan foshion by the hands of the executioner, after
be bad adorned the barbaric p(»np of the procession.
(Dion Cass, xliii. 19.)
In the division of Gallia under Aogostus the Ar-
nnn were included in the extended limits of Aqui-
taida. Pliny (iv. 19) calls them " Uberi ;" and, if
this is correct, we must suppose that in Pliny's time
d» Arfemi enjoyed the privileges which, under the
Sooian govemment, were secured to those provincials
vbo bad the title of "* Uberae dvitates."[ G. L. ]
AR'VII, are only mentioned by Ptolemy, who
places them in Gallia Lngdunensis, next to the Dia-
blintes. D'Anrille ascertained the position of this
people, who, with the Cenomani and the Diablintes,
oorapied whait was afterwards the diocese of Mant.
He discovered the site of the capital of the Arvii,
vbich preserves the name of Erve or Arve, on the
beaks of a stream which flows into the river Sarthe^
nnr Sable. The Sazthe jdns the Mayennc, which
cmen the Jjoire below Angers. The name of the
thief town of the Arvii in Ptolemy is Vogori-
tam.[ G. L. ]
ARYCANDA ('A^oj^: Etk, 'ApuKcofiivs),
a city in Lycia (Steph. «. v. ^ApvKovHa; Scfaol. ad
Find. 01. 0(L 7), on the river Axycandas, a branch
of ibe Limyrus (Plin. v. 27, 29). Its site has been
Mccrtained by Fellows {Lyeioj p. 221), who found
•ear the river Arycandas, and 35 miles from the
tea, the ruins of Axycanda, which are identified by a
Gnck inscription. There are the remains of a the-
atie, tombs, and some fine specimens of doorways.
There are coins of Arycanda. Fellows found one among the ruins, with the name of the city on it and the head of the Emperor Gordian. Leake (Asia Minor, p. 187) speaks of a stream which
ASAMA.
229
joins the sea, close to the mouth of the Limyrlis, as
probably the Aiycandus of Pliny. In the map of
Fellows, only the name Ar}'candus appeal's, aiid no
Limyrus; but theLimyras is clearly kid down in
the map in Spratt's Lycia as a small stream fiowlnc^
from Limyra, and joining near its mouth the larger
river Orta Tchy, the Arycandus. Compare the ac-
count of Aiycanda in Fdlows and in Spratt's Lycia
(vol. i. p. 153). [G. L.]
ARYMPHAEI. [Arqippaei.]
ARXATA ("Ap^oTo)), a town of Armenia, si-
toated on the borders ai Atropatenc. (Strab. xi.
p. 529 ; Eckhel, vol. iu. p. 202.) [£. B. J.]
ARZEN QApT^t, Cedren. Bist, Comp. vol. ii. p.
722), a town of Armenia to the £. of Theodotiiopolis
(^Erzrutn). According to native writers it contained
800 churches, a.d. 1049. It was taken by the
Seljuk Turks, and the inhabitants retired to Theo-
doeiopolis. No remains of this city are to be found
now. (St Martin, Mhn. sur VAmienie^ vol. 1.
p. 68.) [ E. B. J. ]
ARZANE'NE ('Apfoyijir^, also 'Ap|an?, Procop.
de Aedif, iii. 2), a province in the S. of Armenia,
situated on the left bank of the Tigris, extending to
the £. as fiir as the valley of Biilis, and bounded on
the S. and W. by Mesopotamia. It derived its name
from the lake Arsene, or the town Arzen, situated on
this lake. Its name frequently occurs in the writers
of the Lower Empire. (Eutrop. vi. 7 ; Amm. Marc.
XXV. 7, 9 ; Procop. B, Pert, i. 8.) Ptolemy calls
the district Thospitis (BoNnriris, v. 13. § 18), a
name which he also gives to the lake Arsene (v. 13.
§7). The district Arrhene in Pliny (vi. 31) is
probably the same as Arzanene.
This province was the subject and the theatre of
continual wars between the emperors of Constan-
tinople and the kings of Persia. It is now compre-
hended in the Pashalik of Ihfdr Bekr, [ E. B. J. ]
ASA PAULINI, a place on the road from Lugdunum (Lyon) to Augustodunum (Autun). It is placed in the Antonine Itin. x Gallic leagues, or xv M.P. from Lugdunum, and this distance corresponds to the site of Anse. Aea, in the Itin., perhaps ought to be Ansa. [ G. L. ]
ASAEI (Άσαίοι), a people of Sarmatia Asiatica, near the Suardeni and the upper course of the Tanais. (Ptol. V. 9. § 16). They are also mentioned by Pliny, according to the common text, as having been, before his time, among the most celebrated peoples of Scythia; but Sillig gives a different reading, namely Chroasai. (Plin. vi. 17. s. 19.) [ P. S. ]
ASAMA (Άσάμα), a river of Mauretania Tingitana, falling into the Atlantic, in 32° N. lat. (Ptol. iv. 1. § 3), 30' S. of Port Rhusibis, and 20' N. of the river Diour. All along this coast, the positions
may be safely determined by Ptolemy's latitudes (his longitudes are greatly out); consequently Asama is Wadi-Tensift, the river which, in its upper course, flows past Marocco: Portus Rhusibis is Saffee, and the river Diour is Wad-al-Gored, which falls into the ocean by Mogador. (Comp. Rennell, Geog. of Herod, vol. ii. p. 16.) Pliny, who calls it Asana, places it, on the authority of native report, 150 M.P. from Sala (Sallee: it is nearly 200 in a direct line), and adds the description, "marino haustu sed portu spectabile" (v. 1. s. 1). It is thought by some to be the same as the river Anatis, which Pliny mentions a little before, on the authority of Polybius, as 205 M. P. from Lixus; but the distances do not agree. Some also identify it with the Anidus (Άνιδος) or, according to the emendation of Salmasius,
