BOVINDA. Rome, pp. 123 — 125; Orell. /iwer. 1287; Klauseiif Aeneaa und die Penaten^ vol. ii. p. 1083. [E. H. B.] BOVINDA (BovovlvSa, PtoL iL 2 § 8),a river in Irelaiid, the Bc^ne. [R. 6. L.] BOTIUM, a place in Britain, ten miles, accofd- ^tying to the Itineraiy, from Deva {Chester)^ in the fr/^ncdfrn of Uroconiiun (i(roxeter)y and placed, bj / modem inqniren, at Baru^, Aidford, Buabury, SbttUm, and other unsatisfactory localities soath of Chetier. In order to increase the claims of Banger the V has been changed into «t, and Bomum suggested. (Horaeley, BriUmnia Romana, iii. 2.) [R. G. L.] BOXUM, a place in Gallia, on the road between Aquae Misineii (JSourbon VAnct), and Angustodu- limn (iinten), according to the Table. D'Anville supposes that it may be Bussiere, the distance of which fitm Autun agrees pretty well with the dis- tance 8 in the Table from Boxum to Angustodu- num. [G. L.] BOZBAH. [BO0TBA.] BRABONIAGUM, mentioned only in the Notitia, and probably but another form for Bremetonacae ( Overborouffh). [B. G. L.] BBA'CARA AUGUSTA (BpalKop Aifyowrra, Ptol. ii. 6. § 39 ; Augusta Bracaria, Geog. Bav. iv. 43; BragOy Kn.), a city iu the NW. of His- pania Tarmoonensis, the capital cS the CallaTci Bncarii, who dwelt between the rivers Durius and liicins, and the seat of a oonventus jnridicus. It stood at the meeting of four roads, some distance from the sea, and not far from the left bank of the river Naebb (^Cavado). Among its ruins are the rouains of an aqueduct and amphitheatre. (Plin. Iv. 20. 8.34; /rin. iln<. pp. 420, 422, 423, 427, 429 ; Auson. de Nob, Urh. 8, qutteque tmu peJagi jaetai «0 Bracara dwet; Monties, Ant. pp. 102, 103; Minano, Diccion. voL ii p. 136.) [P. S.] BRA'GARI, BRACA'BIL [Gallabcia.] BRA'CCIUM. The following inscription found at Brughy near Askrigg, has suggested the word Braeckntmi as the name Brugh, in its Roman form. IMP, CA£8. Ii. 8EPT1MIO no. PESTn^ACL AVOV. . IMP. GAS8ARI. M. AUREUO. A. . . . pio. FBuci. Avcvsrro. . . ERAMCHIDAK 427 BRACCHIO. CAEMBMTICXVM. YI. IfERVIOBUM. SVB. CYRA. L. A. 8BKECION. AMPUaSIMI. OPEBI. L. YI. SriUS. PRAE. . . LEGIO. [R. G. L.] BRAGHMA'NES {Bpaxfuo'ts, Steph. B.: in other writers generally in the genitive, rh 'tBvQS BpajuuiimVy rh ^XovBpaxuu&ifw: also Bpax/MU, Steph. B.), the Brahmins, or priestly caste of the Hixxloos, called by the Greeks fTopurrai, and, from their habit of practisiug bodily asceticism in a state of nudity, rvfumao^Toi. In the expedition of Alexander, their peculiar sentiments and practices and position among the natives excited Uie con- queror s attention, and led to inquiries, the results of which are preserved in the fragments of the con- temporarr hif^rians, and in the compilations of later writers. The particnlarsof these accounts,agreeing as they do, to a great extent, with the better information gained through our own intercourse w'lih India, it is superfluous to insert here; the reader who wishes to compare them with modem knowledge must care- fully consult the original authorities. It should be obseired that Alexander's Intercourse with them was not entirely peaceful; for they are found incitii^ the natives to resist the invader, and suffering severely in consequence. (Aristob. Fr. 34. p. 105, ed. Didot; ap. Strab. xv. p. 714; Onesicrit Fr. 10, p. 50, ed. Didot, ap. Strab. xv. p. 715, and Pint. AUx, 65, Fr. 33, p. 57, ap. Lucian. de MorL Peregr, 25 ; Nearch. Fr. 7, p. 60, ap. Strab. xv. p. 716, Fr. 11, p. 61, ap. Arrian. Ind. 11, Fr. 37, p. 71, ap. Airian. Anab. vii. 3. § 8; Cleitarch. Fr. 22. a, p. 83, ap. Diog. Laert Prooem. § 6 ; Diod. xvii. 102 — 107; Strab. xv. pp. 712, foil.; Airian. Anab, vi. 7. § 4, vi. 16. § 5; Lucian. FugU, 6; Plut Alex, 69; AeUan, V. H, ii. 41 ; Curt viii. 9. §. 31 ; Cic. Tiuc V. 25; Plin. vi. 21 ; viL 2; Apul. Flor. vol. ii. p. 130, Bip.; Suid. j. v.; Schneider, Atmot ad ArittoL de Animal, vol. ii. p. 475; Bohlen, Alt. Ind. voL i. pp. 279, 287, 319, voL ii. p. 181; Creuzer, SgmbolUifYfA.i,'p,4S2 ; DToyse!ix,Alex. p. 503 ; Lassen, de NomimSbm guUnu a veteris appeUanturlndorum pkihiophiy in the Bhein. Mm, 2nd series, vol. i. p. 171, for 1832. See also India.) In several of the passages now cited, the Brachmans are spoken of as a distinct tribe, having their own cities; and various geographical positions are assigned to them. This natural result of imperfect information assumes a definite form in Diodorus (xvii. 102, 103), who mentions Uarmatelia ('Ap/uaT^Aia) as the iMt city of the Brachmans on the Indus, and in Ptolemy (vii. 1. § 74), who places the BpaxA^cu lA/iyot at the foot of a mountain called Bettigo (Bifrrr)^), and says that they extend as &r as the Batae, and have a city named Brachma (BfnixM^)* [P* S*] BRACUO'DL'S {Bpax&^t Hucpa, Ptol iv. 3. § 10), a prom(mtory on the E. coast of B3rzacium, in N. Africa, forming the N. headland of the Lesser Syrtis. It is called Ammonis (^inpa "AfifMvos Bat0wvof) by Strabo, who mentions the tunny- fisheries off it (xvii. p. 834). It was called Caput Vada (Kenrot^rtfaSa) in the time of Justinian, who built upon it a town of the same name, in memoiy of the landing of Belisarius in the Vandalic War (Procop. Aed,vi, 6) ; and it still retains the name Kapaudia, with the ruins of the city. (Shaw, Travels, p. 101 ; Barth, Wanderungen, pp. 176, 190.) [P. S.] BRADANUS, a river of Lucania, the name of which is found only in the Itinerary of Antoninus (p. 104), but which is undoubtedly the same still called the Bradano, a considerable river, which rises in the mountains near Venusia, and flows into the gulf of Tarentum, immediately to the N. of Meta- pontam. It appears to have formed in ancient times the boundary between Lucania and Apulia or Cala- bria, as it sUll does between the provinces of Banli- cata and Terra d'Otranto. Appian (^B. C. v. 93) speaks of a river of the same name (irt^ofiof 4vA- yvfAOs), near Metapontum, which can hardly be any other than the Bradano: hence it would appear that near its mouth it was known by the name of that dty, although in tlie upper part of its course it was termed the Bradanus. [E. U. B.] BRA'NCHIDAE (B/xirx'^)- "After Posei- deion, the promontory in the territory of the Milesians, is the oracle of Apollo Didymeus at Bnmchidae, about 18 stadia the ascent (from the sea)." (Strab. p. 634.) The renuuns of the temple are visible to one who sails along the coast. (Hamilton, ResearcheSf ^c, vol. ii. p. 29.) Pliny (v. 29) places it 180 stadia ' from Miletus, and 20 from the sea. It was in the Milesian territory, vid above, the harbour Panormns. (Herod, i. 157.) "Die name of the site of the temple
