CAT ANII. in 1669. The antiquities of Catania are fiillj de- scribed by the Principe di Biscari {Viaggio per le AnticMta delta SiciUa, chap. 5) and the Duca di Serra di Falco. (A nt, della Sicilia, vol. t. pp. S — 30.) The coins of Catana are numeroas, and many of them of very fine workmanship; some of them bear the head of the river-god Amenanns, bat that of
- ^ Apollo is the most frequent. We learn from Cicero
that the worsliip of Ceres was of great antiquity here, and that she had a temple of peculiar sanctity, which was notwithstanding pn^faned by Verres. (Cic. Verr. iv. 45.) [E. H. B.] CATA'NII (Kardinoi), a tribe of Arabia Deseriia, bounded by Syria on the west and the Cauchabeni on the east. (Ptol. t. 19.) Burckhardt mentions the Bedouin tribe of KakUmgSy "who range the northern desert of Arabia, from Boera to the neigh- bourhood of Hauran and Aleppo." These Mr. Forster takes to be the representatives of the ancient Catanii {Arabioy vol. ii. p. 238, seq.). [G. W.] CATAO'NIA (^ Karaovia), one of the divisions of Cappadocia [CAPPADOciA],is described by Strabo (p. 535), who had visited it. Cataonia, he says, is a level and hollow plain. The Greek term hollow (^KoiKov) means a plain surrounded by mountains. It is very productive, except that it has no ever- l^eens. It is surrounded by mountains; on the south by the Amanns, and on the west by the Anti- taiirus which branches off from the Cilician Taurus in a direction different from that which the Amanns has, which itself is an offset of the Taurus. The Anti- tnunis turns to the north, a little to the east, and then terminates in the interior. The Antitaurus contains deep narrow valleys, in one of which is situated Comana, a considerable city on the river Sams, which flows through the gaps of the Taurus into Cilicia and the Mediterranean. Through the plain of Cataonia flows the river Pynunus, which lias its source in the middle of the plain, and also passes through the gape of the Taurus into Cilicia. Strabo, in a corrupt passage, where there is evidently an omission of something in our present texts (p. 536 ; Groskurd, Troful vol. ii. p. 451, note), speaks of a temple of Zeus Dadus, where there is a salt-lake of considerable extent with steep banks, so that the descent to it is like gmng down steps. It was said that the water never increased, and had no visible outlet. The plain of Cataonia contained no city, but it had strong forts on the hills, such as Azamora and Dastarcum, round which the river Carmalas flowed [Cabmalas], which river may be the Ckarma Su^ a branch of the Pyramus, which rises in the Anti- taurus. It also contained a temple of Cataonian Apollo, which was in great repute in all Cappadocia. Ptolemy (v. 7) has a list of eleven places in his Cataonia, whidi he includes in his Annenia Mmor. One of them is Cabassus [Cabassus], a site unknown; and Cybistra, which is far beyond the limits of Strabo's Cataonia. In fact Ptolemy's Cataonia, if there is truth in it, is quite a new division of the country: it is, however, unintelli- gible to us. Cataonia also contains Chiudiopolis. Cucnsus, mentioned in the Antonine Itin., seems to be Gogsyn^ on the Gogsyn Su, which flows from the west, and joins the Pyramus on the right bank lower down than the junction of the Carmalas and Pyra- mus. The upper valleys of the Sams and the Py- ramus require a more careful examination than they have yet had. The inhabitants of Cataonia were dbtinguished by the ancients (oi iroAcuoQ from the CATHAEI. 569 other Cappadocians, as a different people. But Strabo could observe no difference in manners or in language. [G. L.] CATAROCTONION, in Britain. This is the form of the Geographer of Ravenna, that of Ptolemy being Cattiractonion. In the Itinerary it is Cata- ractoni ( Cattrick Bridge). [R. G. L.] CATARRHACTES {Karafi^dicTris^ a river of Pamphylia, which entered the sea east of Attalia. Mela (i. 14) describes it as being so called because it has a great fall or cataract. He places the town of Perga between the Cestras and the Catarrhactes. The Stadiasmns describes it by the terai ol Kara^ pdKToty or the Falls. Strabo (p. 667) also speaks of this river as falling over a high rock [Attaua]. This river, on approaching the coast, divides into several branches, which, falling over the cliSa that border this part of the coast, have formed a cal- careous deposit. Through tliis calcareous crast the water finds its way to the sea, and the river has now no deteAninate outlet, " unless," adds Leake, " it be after heavy rains, when, as I saw it, in passing along the coast, it precipitates itself co- piously over the clifis near the most projecting point of the coast, a little to the west of Laara." (Leake, Ana MinoTy ^., p. 191.) According to the Sta- diasmus the outlet of the river was at a place called Masura, probably the Magydus of Ptolemy (v. 5) ; or the Mygdale of ihe Stadiasmns may be Magj'dus. This river, now the Dtsden Suj is said to mn under ground in one part of its course, which appears to be of considerable length. It is represented in Leake's map, with the names of the travellers who have seen parts of its course, one of whom is P. Lucas. This river, indeed, is supposed to issue from the lake of Egerdiry NE. of Isharta, and after disappearing, to show itself again in the lower conntiy. But this requires better evidence. The ancient writers say nothing of its source and the upper part of it. [G. L.] CATARRHACTES ( Kaera^pdicrns : Sudsuro), a river on the S. coast of Crete, which Ptolemy (iii. 17. § 4) places to the E. of Leben. (Hoeck, Kreta, vol. i. p. 394.) [E. B. J.] CATARRHACTES. [Makaitokh.] CATARZE'NE (Korop^i/i^, Ptol. v. 13. § 9), a district of Armenia, lying near the mountains of the Moschi, by the Ax'anes. The name Cotacene occurs as a gloss upon Ptolemy, and St. Martin (J/em. sur TArmenie, vol i. p. 108) identifies it with the Armenian name Godaikhj one of the 1 6 districts of the province of Ararat. The capital of tliis district was Edschmiadzin, well known in the ecclesiastical history of Armenia. (St. Martin, /. c. ; comp. Ritter, Erdkunde, vol. x. p. 514.) [E. B. J.] CATENNEIS. [Etekneis.] CATHAEI (Ko^oiOf), a powerful and warlike people of India intra Garigem (in the Panjab) between the rivers Hydraotes (^Ravee) and Hy- phasis {GliarraX whose capital city, Sangala, is supposed to have occupied the site of the modem Sikh capital, Lahore. This city was taken and destroyed by Alexander on his march into India, B. c. 326 (Arrian. Anab. v. 22, foil. ; Diod. xvii. 91). Strabo, who is doubtful between which two rivers of the Panjab the people dwelt, relates some of their customs : how they had the highest regard for beauty in dogs and horses, and in men, so that., when a child was two months old, a solemn judg- ment ^'as held, whether he was beautiful enough to be suffered to live: how they stained their bearda
