€HASTIEIS. intervals of tranqtuUitj when not agitated by the south-east wind, and Juvenal represents it as even frequented by fishermen during these periods of repose. (Seneca, Ccn». ad Marc, 17 ; Juv. v. 102.) The fact stated by Strabo, and alluded to by Seneca, that the wrecks of the vessels lost in the Gharybdis were first thrown upon the coast near Tauromeuium, Is connected with the strong currents which exbt along this coast (Strab. vi. p. 268 ; Senec. Ep, 79.) Pliny and Mela content themselves with a mere passing notice of the once celebrated dangers of Scylla and Gharybdis. (Plin. iii. 8. s. 14; Melaii. 7. § 14.) The Latin poets, as well as the Greek ones, abound in allusions to the latter: but these almost all relate to the Homeric or fabulous accoimt of the pheno- menon: and no value can be attached to their ex- pressions or descriptions. (Virg. ^ en. iii. 420 ; Ovid. MeL ziii. 730; Tibull. iv. 1, 73; ApoU. Shod. iv. 928 ; Lycophr. AUx, 743 ; Tzetz. ChiL x. 969 ; £usUth. ad Odyss. sil 104; Gic Verr. v. 56.) The name appears to have early become proverbial, in the sense of anything utterly destructive, or insatiably greedv. (Aristoph. £q. 248; Lyoophr. Alex. 668; Gic. PAO. ii. 27.) rE.H.B.] CHASTIEIS. [Attica, p. 329, b.J GHASUARI (Xarrovdpiotj KatrQudpioi, Strab. p. 291 ; PtoL ii. 11. § 22), or as Velleius (ii. 105) and Ammianus Maroellinus (zx. 10) call them, Attuaru, were a German tribe, wluch, to judge firom its name, seems to have been connected with the Ghatti. According to Tacitus {Germ, 34), they dwelt behind, that is, to the east of the Bructeri. This statement, however, and still more the passage of Ptolemy, render it extremely difficult to determine to what part of Germany the Ghasuari ought to be assigned. Latham places them in the country between the rivers JRukrj Lippe^ and Rhine; while others consider the Ghasuari and the Ghat- tuarii to be two different people. The latter hy- pothesis, however, does not remove the difficulties. Notwithstanding the apparent affinity with the Ghatti, the Ghasuari never appear in alliance with them, but with the Gherusci, the enemies of the GhattL The most probable supposition as to the original abode of the Ghasuari is that of Wilhelm (^German, p. 189, full.), who places them to the north of the Ghatti, and to the west of the Ghamavi and the river Weter^ a supposition which removes to some extent the difficulty of Ptolemy's account, who places them south of the Suevi (for we must read with all the MSS. (nh tohs 2ovii€ovSt instead of ^^p), and north-west of the Ghatti, about the sources of the river Ems, At a later period the flame people appear in a different country, the neighbourhood of Geldemy between the Rhine and the Mease, where they formed part of the con- fodeiBcy of the Franks. (Amm. Marc. /. c.) In that district their name occurs even in the middle ages, in the pagua KaUuariorum, (Gomp. Wilhelm, Germ, p. 181, foil.; Latham's TaciL Germ. Epileg. p. Ixvii. &c.) [L. S.] GUATENI, an Arab tribe inhabiting the Sinus Capenus, which Pliny places on tlie west side of the Persian Gulf, and a little north of the Sinus Gerrai- cos (vi. 28. s. 32) : '* the Sinus Gapenus is at once identified with CheUy or Katiff Bay, by the mention of its inhabitants, the Ghateni. (Forster, Arabia^ ▼oLiLp.216.) [G.W.] CHATRAMIS (Xarpauls), a country of Arabia Felix, mentioned by Dionyslus Per. (957), and Xustathius (ad loc.) as adjacent on the south to CHAUGL 605 Gfaaldamis, and opposite to the coast of Persia. It, therefore, corresponded with the modem district of Oman, at the SE. of the Arabian Peninsula, and is identified by Forster with Dar-Charamatah, and traced to Hadoram the Joctanite patriarch. (Gen. x. 27.) [GoRODA3tUM Prouontorium.] [G. W.] GHATRAMOTITAE, a people of the south of Arabia. (Plin. vi. 28.) The country he names Atramitae. Both names are but different forms of Adramitae [Adramitab], the ancient inhabitants of that part of the southern coast of Arabia still called iTadrainmit, originally settled, it would appear, by the descendants of the Joctanite patriarch Ha- zarmaveth. (Gen,x, 26; Forster, Arabia, vol. i. p. 113, vol. ii. p. 324.) [G. W.] GHATRL^EI. [India.] GHATTI or GATTI (X«b-Tot,Xi£TTai),oDeof the great tribes of Germany, which rose to great import- ance after the decay of the power of tiiie Gherusci. Their name is still preserved in Jlessen (Hasten). They were the chief tribe of the Hermiones (Plin. iv. 28), and are described by Gaesv (B, G, iv. 19, vi. 10) as belonging to the Suevi, although Tadtus (Germ. 30, 31) dearly distinguishes them, and that justly, for no Gennan tribe remained in its original loodity more permanently than the Ghatti. We first meet with thdr name in the campaigns of Drusus, when they acquired celebrity by their wars against the Romans, and against the Gheruscans who were theur mortal enemies. (Tac. Germ. 36, Ann. I, 55, xii. 27, 28; Dion Gass. Itv. 33, 36, Iv. 1, Ixvii. 4, 5; Tac. HisL iv. 37, Affr. 39, 41 ; Flor. iv. 12; Liv. EpU. 140; Suet. Domit. 6; Frontin. Strat. i. 1 ; Plin. Paneg, 20.) The Romans gained, indeed, many advantages over them, and under Gennanicus even destroyed Mattium, their capital (Tac Ann, i. 56), but never succeeded in redudng them to permanent submission. In the time of the war against the Marcomannians, they made predatory incursions into Upper Germany and Rhaetia (Gapitol. M. Anton. 8). The last tiuM they are mentioned is towards the end of the fourth century. (Greg. Tur, ii. 9 ; Gkud. BdL Get 419.) After this they disappear among the Franks. Theb original habitations appear to have extended from the Westerwild in the west to the Saale in Fran- coniOf and from the river Main in the south as far as the sources of the Elison and the Weser, so that they occupied exactly the modem country of Hessen, including, perhaps, a portion of the north- west of Bavaria. Ptolemy (ii. 11. §22) places them more eastward, perhaps in consequence of their victories over the Gheruscans. The Batavi are said to have been a branch of the Ghatti, who emigrated into Gaul. Some have supposed that the Genu! (Kivvoi), with whom the Romans were at war under Garacalla, were no others than the Ghatti (Dion Gass. Ixxvii. 14) ; but this is more than doubtful. (Gomp. Zeuss, Dit Zhutschen «. die Nachbarstamme, p. 327, foil.; Wilhelm, Ger- man, p. 181, foil; Latham, Tac, Germ, p. 105, foil.) [L. S.] GHAUGI, GAUGHI, CAUGI, CAYGI (Kavxoi, Kaviroi), a German tribe in the east of the Frisians, between the rivers Ems and Elbe. (Plin. iv. 28, xvi 2; Suet Claud. 24; Tac. Germ. 35, Ann. xi. 18; Dion Gass. liv. 62, Ixiii. 30; Veil. Pat. il 106; Stiub. p. 291; Lucan. i. 463; Glaud. in Evirop. i. 379, de Laud, Stil. i. 225.) In the east their country bordered on that of the Saxones, in the north-west on that of the Longobards, and in the
