644 EQUABONA. the most frequented passes of the Alps, most always have gl7en it importance in a military point of view. Thus we find that it was for some time occupied by D. Brutus after the battle of Mutina, b. c. 43. be- fore he crossed the Alps with his army. (Cic. ad Fam. zi. 20, 23.) It was still a considerable town, and occupied as a military station by a body of troops, as late as the close of the 4th century. {Not JDtgn. ii. p. 121.) The modem city of Ivrea is a considerable place, with near 8000 inhabitants: it contains a fine Soman sarcophagus, and some other ancient remains. [E. H. B.] EQUA'BONA (Coyna), a town of Lnsitania, on the left bank of the estuary of the Tagus, 12 M. P. from Olisipo {LUbon), on the road to Emerita. {Itin. .4ntp.416.) [P.S.] EQUUS TUTICUS or EQUOTUTICUS (ToiJ- Tiicoj', Ptol. iii. 1. § 67 : S. Eleuterio), a town of the Samnites in the territoiy of the Hirpini, situated on the Via Apjna Trajana, 21 M. P. from Bene- ventum. Its name is not mentioned as an ancient Samnite city, and the first notice of it that occurs is an incidoital one in Cicero {adAtt. vLl. § 1), from which we may infer that it was on the road to Brun- dusium. TMs is confirmed by the Itineraries, in all of which it appears under slight modifications of imme (Equus Tuticus, Itm, Ant. pp. 103, 112; Eqnus Magnus, Jtm. Mar it. p. 610; Aequus Tu- ticus, Tab. PeiU,). Great discrepancy has arisen concerning its position, partly from a confusion be- tween the different branehes of the Via Appia, which separated at Beneventum [Via Afpia], and partly from the belief, originating with an old Scholiast on the passage, that Equotuticus (as he writes the name) was the place described by Horace (Sat. i. 5. 87) as '* Oppidulum quod versu dicere non est" But it is quite clear that the poet followed a dif- ferent line of route; and Equus Tuticus is placed by the Itineraries on the road from Beneventum to Aecae (Troja 21 M. P. from the former city. The line of the ancient road may be traced distinctly (by the assistance of bridges, milestones, &c.), from Bens- ventOf by BuonaJbergo and CasaJbore^ to a place called S, EleuteriOj about 8 miles N. of ArianOy and 2 from Castd FrancOy where inscriptions and other ancient remains haye been found; among others, a Boman milestone which wants the numerals, but the distance agrees exactly with the 21 miles of the Itinerary from Beneventum. The intermediate sta- tion of Forum Novum (Fomo Koto, liin. Hier. p. 610), placed by the Jerusalem Itinerary 10 miles from Beneventum, and 1 1 from Equus Tuticus, must have been at Buondlbergo, (Mommsen, Topo- ffrajia degli Irpiniy in BuUett. d. Inst. 1847, p. 170, 1848, pp. 7, 8.) It is probable that Equus Tuticus never enjoyed municipal rank : its name is not found in Pliny among the towns of the Hirpini, and at a later period it was oertunly annexed to the territory of Beneventum. (Monunsen, /. c. p. 170.) This explains the expression of the Itinerary that it was on the confines of Campania (" Equotutico, ubi Campania limitem habet," Ilin. Ant. p. 1 1 1. See the art Campania, p. 494). If the Tuticum of Ptolemy be the same ivith Equus Tuticus, he has altogether misplaced it [E. H. B.] ERACTUM C^paicrov, Ptol. iii. 6. § 30), a town on the frontier of Dacia between the Tyras and the mountains of the Bastamae, the position of which cannot be made oat [E. B. J.} ERASINUS: ERAE ('EpaOf * P^^*^ ^ ^^ ^'^'^ ^ lonis, mentioned by Thucydides (viii 19), in the vicini^ of Lebedus and Teos. It was fortified strong enough to keep out the Athenians, who attacked it (Thuc viii. 20.) Strabo (p. 644) mentions Erae as * small town belonging to Teos ; but though the read- ing "E/Nu has been received into some texts of Strabo^ some of the MSS. are said to have r^poi, and Casaubon has kept that reading in his text (See Groskurd, Tranal. Strab. vol. iii. p. 23, note.) There seems some confusion about the name Gerae, Ger- raidae (Strabo), and the harbour Geraesticos (Liv. xxxvii. 27), on winch Groekurd's note may be ooii- sulted. Palmerius conjectured that the name Ene, which he takes to be the true name of the place, is corrupted into Agra in Scylax (p. 37). Chandler (Asia Minor J c. 26) supposed the modem site of Gerae to be S^figeck (as he writes it), 8 hours frtm Smyrna. There is a view of the place in the ** Ionian Antiquities." Chandler describes some remains of antiquity there. Some of the inscriptions found at this place were published by Chishull and some hj Chandler. Segigeek is at the head of a fine hay. There is a good note on Gerae in the French editioa of Chandler's Travels (vol. i. p. 420). Hamilton (.Ae«earcAe#, &c. vol. iL p. 11) de» scribes Sighajik as a snug harbour, and be seems to conclude correctly that it is Livy's Geraesticos, which Livy describes as the port of Teos ** qui ab tergo urbis est," and thus distinguishes it from tbe harbour, " qui ante urbem est." (Liv. xxxviL 29.) The consideration of the inscriptions 'found at Si» ghajik belongs to the article Tros. If we sappoae Gerae to be the true reading in Strabo, we mmy identify Gerae and Geraesticus; but there is a difii- culty about Erae in Thucydides, for his text does not enable us to determine exactly where it is, though it seems to have been not far from Teos. Proper names are not always right in the text oi Thucydides, and this is probably one example. [G. L.] ERANA (ri "Zpaya), a town in Meesoiia, roei^-^ tioned by Strabo as lying upon the road be tween Cyparissia and Pylos. It was, probably, near ib» proraontoiy Cyparissium. According to Strabo, it was erroneously identified by some with the Homerio Arene. (Strab. viii. pp. 348, 361 ; Leake, Morta^ vol. i. p. 426, seq.) ERANA, a place in Cilicia. Cicero (ad Fam*. XV. 4), after leaving Epiphaneia [Epiphameia]^ ascended the Amanus, and he took Erana, a place not of the character of a village, but of a dtj, and the captal of the nation. He also took Sepyra and Commoris. The sites of these places are unknown, but they were in eastern Cilicia, on some part of Mount Amanus. [G. L.] ERAKNABOAS C^paivaSdas, Arrian, Ind. 4 ; Plin. vi. 18. s. 22), a river which flowed into the Ganges at Palimbothra (Paina). There has been much discussion as to what river is indicated by this name. It seems, however, most likely that it is the same as the Sonus (Soane)^ though Arrian and Pliny both speak of two rivera whidh they caU re-> spectively Erannoboas and Sonus. The name is derived from the Sanscrit ^t^nyat;vfAaf, the poetical title of the Sonus. (See Bitter, ErdHeunde^ v. jk 508; Bennell, Mem. in Uindostany pu 50.) It is clear, from the context, that Strabo knew <A the es^ istence of this river (xv. p. 702), though he does not mention its name. [V.] ERASI'NUS ('Epoffii'of), 1. A river of the Ar- geia. [Aroos, p. 201, a.]
