FORUM APPII. In A mannor that affords little clue tc Hs porition, except that it was situated on some rirer. tJie pas- sage of which it was important to defend. Cluver was inclined to place it at Ferrartt^ on the Po ; others have fixed on Legru^^ on the Adige^ between Mantna and I^sdua, which is certainly the more probable site, and agrees better with the morements of the campaign. (Glover, /Ca2. p. 155; Orell. oJ Toe. I c.) [E. H. B.] FORUM APPII (*6fmv 'Amr/ov: EtL Foroap. piensis), a town on the Appian Waj, distant 43 miles from £U)me. We learn from Horace that it was the nsual resting-place for travellers at the end of the first day's journey from Rome, though he himself and his companion thought fit to divide the distance. (^Sat i. 5. 3 — 6.) It was here, also, that it was cus- tomary for travellers on the Appian Way to embark on a canal that extended from thence parallel with the line of road to the immediate neighbonriiood of Tarracina. (Hor. L c. ; Strab. v. p. 233.) Hence it became, as Horace describes it, a town of boatmen and innkeepers, —
- Diffiartnm nantis cauponibus atqne malignis.'*
It is mentioned also by Cicero (oJ AtL iL 10), as well as in the journey of St. Paul to Rome (^AcL ApoiL xxvilL 15), as one of the usual halting-places on the Appian Way : on both occasions in conjunc- tion with Tres Tabemae, which was the next stage in going to Rome, ten miles nearer the city (^Itm. Ant p. 107 ; Jtin. Hitr, p. 611). Ito situation, in the midst oif the marshes, sufikiently acoonnts for the badness of the water complained of by Horace. It is probable from its name that Forum Appii was founded by Appius Clandins Caecns, who first constructed the celebrated road which so long bore his name; and the place appears to have always continued under the patronage of his fiunily. (Suet Tib. 2.) It seems to have grown up into a consi- derable town, which, under the Romian empire, en- joyed municipal privileges, and is mentbned by PUny among the municipal towns of Latium. (Plin. iii. 5. s. 9. ; Orell. Inter. 780.) There are now no inhabitante on the spot; but the site is clearly marked by considerable ruins on each side of the Appian Way, as well as by the 43rd milestone, which is still preserved, at a spot distant fbnr miles from the place still called TriponH^ the ancient Tripon- tSum or Tripuntium. . (Ghaupy, Mauon ^Horace^ ToL iii. pp. 387—452; PratiUi, ViaAppia,^^ 99, 100.) [Via Afpia.] [E. H. B.] FORUM AURELII, a tofwn or viUage on the coast of Etruria, situated on the Via Aurelia, and pkoed by the Itinerary 24 nules from Centumcellae and 25 from Gosa. {Itm. AnL p. 291.) The former number is doubtful (those in the Tab. Pent are altogether confused) ; but, on the whole, it is probable that Forum Aurelii was placed at or near MonUUtOy on the river Fionif at the place where that stream was crossed by the Via Anrelia. There can be little doubt from ito name that the Forum Aurelii was founded at the same time with the oon- stmction of the high road of the some name ; but of the date of this we have no account [Via Au- BKUA.] We only know that both the road and town existed in the time of Cicero, who mentions he Forum Anrelium (tac) in connection with the pro- ceedings of Catiline. (Gic in Cat i. 9.) It seems never to have been a place of any importance, and, after this incidental mentioD, ito name is found only in the Itineraries. [E. H. B.] FORUM OORNELU. 907 FORUM BIBALOltUM. [Gallabcia.] FORUM CASSII, a town of Etruria, situated on the Via Cassia, with the formation of which, from ito name, it was certainly connected. It Ib known to ns only firom the Itineraries, which place it 1 1 M.P. beyond Sutrinm, between that place and Vol- sinii, and 44 miles from Rome. (/tm. Ant. p. 286; TcJ>. PeuL) The distinct traces of the Via Cassia enable us to place it with certainty about a mile N£. of Fe^rotfo, where an ancient church still retains the name of Sta. Maria m Forcaanj and some portions of Roman buildings' are still extant The inhabitante migrated during the middle ages to the neighbouring village of Vdralla, (Dennis, Etruria^ vol. L p» 245.) [E. H. B.] FORUM CIGURRORUM, EGURRORUM, or GIGURRORUM. [Asturbs.] FORUM CLAUDII. Ptolemy (iii. 1) mentions two towns in the country of the Centrones [Cen- TROKEs], Forum Claudii and Axima {Aitme). As there is a place called Centron in the valley of Aiame, it is probable that Centron marks the site of a place called Centnmes, for under the Empiro it was usual in Gallia for the name of a people to be substituted for that of their chief place. If this be so, we may assume that Centron represente Forum Claudii. Guichenon (cited by D'Anvillo) gives two inscriptions which, he says, were found at Ai»ms; and in one of them, which is in honour of Nerva, the names Forum Chiudii and Centrones occur thus — FOROGL. CBNTROir. This might be used as an ar- gument, that Fwum Claudii is another name for Axima. [G. L.] FORUM CLAUDII VALLENSIUM OCTODU- RENSIUM [OcTODUBUS.] FORUM CLODII, a town of Etruria, situated (as m^ht be inferred from ito name) upon the Via. Clodia, known to ns chiefiy fnan the Itineraries, but mentioned also by Ptolemy (iii. 1. § 50) among the towns of Southern Etruria. The Anto- nine Itinerary reckons it 32 M.P. from Rome, and the Tab. Pent places it between Sabate and Blera ; but the distances given in the Tabula are confrised or oormpt Hence ito pontion has not been clearly ascertained ; it is commonly placed at OriuolOf about five miles N. of Braceiano (Sabate) ; but, according to Mr. Dennis, there anno ancient remains at that place, and the point is still doubtful, (/fm. Ant. p. 286; Tab. PevL^ Dennis, Etruria^ vol. i. D. 273 ^ fE H B 1 FORUM CORNELII («<{poyKopi^Aioir, Strab.; ^^y Kopf^Mov, Ptol.; Kopi^Aiov ityoftd, Dion Cass. : Eth. Forooorneliensis: Imola)^ a considerable town of Gallia Cispadana, situated on the Via Aemilia, and distant 23 miles from Bononia and 10 from F*- ventia. It stood on the W. bank of the river Va- trenus, now called the Santemo. (Strab. v. p. 216; Plin. iii. 15. s. 20; Ptol. iii. 1. § 46; Itin, AnL pp. 100, 127, 287 ; Itin. Eier. p. 616.) It is said to have derived ite name from ite foundation by the dictator Sulla (Prudent PeritUph. 9, init), and ap« pears to have been already a pUice of some importance at the death of Caesar; as, in the civil war which foU lowed, it was occupied by Octovian, who estoblished his winter-quartan there. (Cic. ad Fajn. xii. 5 ; Dion Cass. xlvi. 35.) It is afterwards noticed by Martial, who appears to have composed the third book of his epigrams dnring a residence in this town (iii. 1 4), and continued under the Roman empire to be a flourishing municipal town. (Gruter, Inter, p. 518. 4, &c.) Ite name is again men-
