960 GALLIA TRANS. He poshed on the Gabali, and some of the Arvemi against the Helvii, who were within the Provincia ; and the Ruteui and Cadarci were sent to ravage the land of the Volcae Arecomidf who were also within the Provincia. {B. G, vii. 64.) Caesar, knowing tliat the enemj was superior in cavaliy, and that, all the roods into the Provincia and Italy were blocked np, got cavalry from over the Rhine, from some of his German friends there, and light troops who foaght among the cavalry after German fashion. The proconsul, however, had an eye to the safety of the Provincia, and he began to move through the borders of the Lingones into the country of the Seqnani. He was on his road to the Provincia, with the intention, no doubt, of returning when he had got reinforcemejits. The occasion was tempting to the GallL They attacked him on his maroh, and were defeated. (A G. vii. 67.) The Gennans con- tributed largely to the victory. All the cavalry of Veroingetorix was routed, and he fled to Alesia, a town of the Mandubii. [Alesia.] The siege of tliis place and the capture of Verdngetorix put an end to the campaign, the result of which was more unfortunate to the Galli than glorious to Caesar. But a man of less ability and energy would have perished, with all his army. The eightli book of the Gallic War is not by Caesar, though it is possible that he left some memoranda which have been used by the author. Gallia (e.a 51) was still not quiet The Biturigcs were again preparing to rise, but they were soon checked. The divisions among these Gallic people were more fatal to them than the Roman army. The Camutes were quiet while Caesar was putting down the Bituriges, and they b^an to attack them as soon as they had yielded to the Romans. The Bituriges applied to Caesar for protection. It was a hard winter when the Romans again entered the territory of the Camutes. Caesar sheltered his infantry as well as he could in the ruins (if Genabum, and s^t out his cavalry to scour the country. The houseless Camutes had no place of refuge except the forests, which could not protect them against the severity of the season. A large part of them perished, and the rest fled to the neighbouring states. {B. G. viii. 5.) The last great struggle of the Galli was made north of the ^fie by the Bellovaci and their allies. This campaign, which is not very well told by the auUior, contains some difficulties {B. G. viii. 7 — 22), but it is well worth a careful study. These Belgae and their allies showed considerable military skill. They seon to have learned something from their enemy, and the Roman general is said to have acknowledged that their plans were " very judicious, and showed none of the rashness of a barbarous people." (A G. viii. 8.) The defeat of the Bellovaci and their allies was considered by Caesar the end of his Gallic wans. (B. G. viii. 24.) The revengeful proconsul had not yet caught Ambiorix, nor for- gotten him. He once more entered his country, and did all the mischief that he could, thinking, as the historian says {B. G. viiL 24), that if he could not catch Ambiorix, the next b'.>st thing for his honour (dignitas) was to treat his country in such a way that his people, if any were left, might hate him so much, for the misfortunes that he had brought on tiiem. as never to let him come among them again. The last town that Caesar had to lesiege was Uxellodunnm, the site of which is uncertain. It wss a town of the Cadurci, in the basin of the Ganmney GALLU TBANSi and periiaps on the Oltis (I^). When Gallim rervlted in B.a 52, Drappes, a Scnon, had got ic^gether what the historian calU {^B. G. viB. 30) aome meo of desperate fortune. He had also indn(^ed slaves to join him, men banished from the various towiw of Gallia, and robbere ; with this rabble he haA jatned Dumnacns, a leader of the Andes, who was up ia arms in the country of the Pictoncs (AwKcenr). C. Canuiios and C. Fabius easily defeated the refaeh, as the Romans would call them, near the Loire» Drappes escaped from the dreadful slauglitn* with about two thousand men, and, in company with another adventurer, Lucterius, a Cadnrean, entered the country of the Cadurci. It is w<fft|iy of notioe that the Camutes were in tfa« battle on the Lenre. This obstinate people bad not yet come to tenns with the Romans. They had been cut to pieces, driven from their homes and dispersed, and agmn appeared in arms. But it was the last time. They now submitted to the Roman tjmnny, asMi all the Armoric states followed their example. (^B. G. yvL 31.) The geographical position of the Camnfees, and their courage, made them the defence of all the states to the west between the Seme and the Loirt. Drappes and Lucterius shut themselreB vp in Uxellodunum, and Caninins began the aege. Caesar, leaving M. Antonius among the BellorMi, came amcmg the Camutes, against whom he had a heavy gradge; for the Canutes began the gnat rising in b. c 52, which had nearly driven him odt of Gallia. He caught Gutruat, whom he charged with being the auUior of all the mischief, and flowed him to death. B, G. viii. 38.) This example was considered sufficient. Nobody else was pamabed. The reports that he had from Caninius about the resistance £& Uxellodunnm, irritated Caesar. He despised the rebels, but lie thought that be oi^ht to make an example of them. The first five yeaa of his government had been extended by another five years, which commenced from the banning of b. c 53. It was now b. c. 51, and the Galli Imew thai he had not long to stay ; it was neoessaij, therefore, to show them what they might expect, if they were rebellious. His treatment of the prisoners after the capture of Uxellodunum [Uxelijoduxum] is the most disgraceful part of his history. (£. G, viii. 44.) He now thought that he had finished his wock ; and he liad. Gallia remuned for centuries a Romaa country. Caesar, who had never seat Aqnitama, paid that country a visit, and found it aab m i aBive . After going to Narbo, he spent a few days in vistiog all the conventus of the Provincia, and aettlxi^ its affiiirs. He placed his forces, fbr the winter, in Belgium, and west of the Cevemtes; fSonr l^ioos ib Belgium, a sign that he still feared that warlike people. He only placed two legioma east of the CevefuteSf and they were in the countiy of the Aedui, a nation that Itad still great influence amo^g the Gallic people. He spent the winter at Neme- tooenna {Arras) in the pixssent department of /Vit de CeUaisj not a place which an Italian would cboose to winter in. But the authw (B. G. viii. 49) ex- plains this. He wished to conciliate the pec^le north of the Seine. He treated the states with respect, made presents to the chief mm, imposed bo new contributions; and he endeavoured to imke them saUs6ed by a mild administration, after being exhausted by long and bloody wars. After tba winter he went into North Italy, a sign that be feared no rising in Gallia. He was received with rejoicings by all the munidpia and
