978 GABUMNI 18 like a great sea channel, carries Urge ships, and toBses nayigators about in a furious manner, parti- enlarly when the wind and the stream are not the same way. Mela may probably hare heard of the yiolence with which the tide enters the Gironde, Mela says that there is an island, Antroe, in tlie aestuary of the Garonne; but there is no island now. [G. L.] GABUMNI, an Aquitanian people mentioned by Caesar. [Gabitbs.] It may be inferred from the name that they were on the Garumna. A. de Valuis supposes that they occupied a tract now called Riviire along the Ganmne^ to the north of the Gonvenae, or of the diocese of SL Bertrand de Comminge^ as £ur as the borders of the diocese of JUeux, This conjecture is accepted by D'Anrille and other writers; and it may be true. But there is no direct evidence that it is true. [G. L.] GASANDES (raaayScts), an Arab tribe, men- tioned by Diodorus Stcnlns (iii. 44), identical with the Cassanitae of Ptolemy, and the Cassandreis of Agatharchides. Diodorus pUices them, with the Ali- baei, nest to the Debae, on the south, in agreement with Ptolemy, who finds them south of the Cinaedo- oolpitae, — his name for the Debae, — and gives Badeo as the name of their capital (vi. 7. § 6). Diodorus and Agatharchides agree in remarking <hi the difSerendb of the climate of this part of Anbia from that of the other parts. ** This country," says Diodorus, " is not scorched as are the neighbouring regions, but is often covered with soft and thick clouds, from which distil snows and refreshing showers, which render even the summer temperate. Tlie country produces all kinds of fruits, and is re- markably rich, but, owing to the ignorance of the inhabitants, it is not properly cultivated ; they collect gold in large quantities, which they find in the na- tural fissures of. the earth, not in the form of gdd- dust, but in nuggets, the smallest of which eqiml in size the olive-stone; the largest are little inferior to the walnut The natives wear them round their wrists and necks, alternated with transparent pebbles. Having an abundance of gold, but a scard^ of copper and iron, they are glad to barter the former with the merchants for an equal weight of the latter." An identity both of climate and name enables us to fix the Gasandes immediately to the soath and south-east of Mekka, in Mount Gazuanj the countiy of Zohran, of which Burckhardt reports: "Grapes abound in the mountains. Most other fruits are cul- tivated in these mountains, where water is at all times abundant, and the climate temperate. Snow has sometimes fallen, and water been frozen, as far as Sada." {TraoeU in Arabia, vol. ii. p. 377, quoted by Forster, Arabioy vol. ii. p. 144.) [G. W.] GASCRUS, GAZC/RUS (r<(<r»/»oj, Ptol. iii. 13. § 31; V^tapos, Stepb. B.), a town of the Edoni in Macedonia, and, probably, the same place as the Gbaebo of the Peutinger Table. Gasorus, there- fore, probably stood between Tragilus and Knporia, towards the NW. end of Mons Pangaens. (Leake, Trav. in North, Greece, vol. iii. p. 229.) [E. J B.] GATH (Tie, r^TTo: Eth, r€«ai>s), one of the fire principal cities of the Philistines (Josh. xi. 22 ; 1 Sam, T. 8, vi 17), the birthpkce and home of Goliath and his gigantic family. (1 Sam. xvii. 4; 2 Sam, xxi. 18 — 22.) It was taken by Uzziah, and dismantled. (2 Chron. xxvi 6.) Josephus reckons it to the tribe of Dan (AuL v. 1. § 22), and says that Hezekiah to(Ac the cities of the Philistines from Gaza to Gath. (AfU, ix. 13. § 3.) St. Jerome speaks of GAUGAMELA. it as a dty of the Philistines on the oonfinea of Js- daea, between Eleutheropolis and Gaza, where a vciy extensive vilhige existed in his day. (^Com me m t . » Mich. i. 10). Ther« can be little doubt thai this same is intended in the Onomaaiieon (t. 9. r«9), though it is there errooeonsly stated to be five miles from Eleutheropolis, on the road to Diqqkifis «r Lydda. (Reland, Pofoest «. v.) The inbaUtants if .BeiMsfrrm (Eleutheropolis) speak of a village naaied Kmjet-el-Gatf a qoarter of an hour distant firam Beit^ebrin, on the road to Aehdati, It may, per- haps, be permitted to hazard the oonjectore tbat the present Beit-Jehrin — the classical Betqpurfaa and Eleutheropolis — marks the site of the andeat Gath. [Bethogabris.] [G. W,] GATHHEPHER (rt0x94^> Fateed, LXX.; rcMc^ Euseb. Onom,), a town of Galilee in the tribe of Zabulon (Josh, xix. 13), the native place of the prophet Jonah (2 Kinfft, xiv. 85). St. Jerome pUces it two miles from Sepphoris, on the road to Tiberias, a small vilhige in his day, where the tomb of the prophet was sliown. (Proem, m Jmobl) The tomb was shown to fieigamin of TodeU, in 1h» mountains near Sepphoris, in the tweKth ccn tniy (TVaveZf, vol. i. p. 80, ed. Aehar); and in the vil^gt of Bl-MeMad, situated two milra east of the raias of Sepphoris, the Moslems show at this day the temh of the prophet Jonah. (Robinson, BO. Bee. veL SL p. 209, note 1.) [G.W.] GATH-RIMMON (Fce^/ifMir), a city of die tribe of Dan (Joeh. xix. 45), assigned to the Levites (xxi. 24; 1 Chron. vi. 69), is described by Eosie- bius and SL Jerome as situated 12 miles from Dies- polls, towards Eleutheropolis (OnomaiL a.r.); -Uit this can scarcely be, as Dr. Robinson oonjectnxes, identical with that which they phice 5 miles from Eleutheropolis, on the way to Diospoli^ as the dis- tance between the two termini is much more than 17 miles. (Robinson, Bib. Res. toL u. p. 421.) Neither can it be that large village then named Githha, which the Onomasticon suppoees to be the Gath to which the ark of the covenant was cazried from Azotus, and which is placed («. v. TcMyE) be- tween Antipatris and Jamnia. (Reland, PitiaetL p. 786.) [a W.] GATHEAE (roBeai: Eth. TaOciinrO, • town of Arcadia in the district Cromitis, situated upon 0» river Gatheatas (VaBtAras}, which rose near the place, and which, after receiving the Camion (K<^ yiwy), rising in the territory of Aegys, flowed into the Alpheios. Gatheae is placed by the best modera authorities at Kyrddhes. (Paos. viii. 34. §§ 5, 6; Steph. B. S.V. ; Boblaye, Recherckes, fc pw 169; Leake, Pehponnesiaoa, pu 234 ; Curtina, /Wcpea- nesos, vol. i. pp. 291, 336.) GATHEATAS. rGATUEAE.] GAVGAME'LA (vd TavyafiaiKa, PtoL vi. I. § 5 ; Steph. B. 8. v.), a small village of Assyria, abont 12 miles on the other side of the Lycus, at no great distance from the river Bumadus. It was the actual scene of the last great battle between Dareins and Alexander the Great, which is sometimes caDed that of Arbela, though this place was at aome distance from the real battle-field. [Akbela.] Scrafae states that the word Gaugamela means "CameTs house," and that it was so called because DarciQa gave the place for the support and nourishroeni of one of his camels which was much wearied with the march (xvi. p. 737). Pliny places the town to the west of the Orontes (vi. 26. 8. 30). Each of the two forms Gangamela and Gaugamek admits of expkna-
