HABESSU& HADRIANOPOLIS. 1023 HABESSUS, tlie ancient name of the town of' Antiphellns in Lycia. (Plln. r. 28; comp. Anti- PHELLOB.) [L. &] ^ HABITAN CUM, in Britain. The following in. aenption is t&e' authority for the name, which occora in neither the Notitia nor the Itmerariea: -— MOOONT CAD BT H. D. N. AYO U. O. SECUNDUtVa BF. COB. HABITA MCI PRIMA 8TA ^jL/ /: jftt PRO SB ET SVIS P08. <^f^*.S)^Pi^, yiSg y j^ ( AfonttTO. BriL 180.) This was found nour ^Ritir^ham in Durham. Another from the same locality (^MowmJirUamL 102) runs — ^ Vi^.#Kt r-, J)f%. yg^, DBO imncTo HBRCVLI 8ACB L JBMIL. BALVIA2TYR TBIB OOH I VANQI V. 8. ' P. M. j^ » A third (ifon. Sr»< 102a) is — nwj5;*"i ♦ ♦ ICO MAX! ^ ^ COS m ET U AVRBL hSTOWHO PIO COS II AVO PORTAM CVX MYRIB VBTVSTATB DI' LAP8IS JVaSV ALKBN SENECIMIS YO COS cvRAirrB col ANITI ADYENTO PRO AVO Kll.C*l VAIIGON O PF 8 CVM AEMI 8ALYIAN TRIE SYO A BOLO RBSn. Many important ronains have heen found here: «. g., altars, and traces of the walla of the station ; 90 that the identification of Habitancum with Ru smgham has been generally sanctioned. The in- scriptions inform os of important restorations^ and also of its being the station for a cohort of the Van- ICiones: ** The rude but celebrated figure of Bob of Risingham, sculptured upon the face of the natund rock, is to the south of the station. A portion of the rock was rent o£f by gunpowder some years ago, carrying the upper part of the figure with it. He carries a bow in one hand, and what appears to be a hare or rabbit in the other." (Bruoe's Hflman Wallf p. 308.) :530 S'^Xi/^n ^C./.^.'ii*,^- Ttrthe etfa^d^phical j^ilolo^ist the termination -ffic- is important Its presence in such a word as HabiUmcum shows it to be British, and, as such, Keltic. It is well known, however, that the name by which the river Po was known to the Ligurions was BodencuBj a gloss which, even in the classical times, was translated fundo cartna. Seeing this, Prichard suggested the reading Boden-loSf and from it the Germanic character of the Ligurians. His doc^ne has been taken up by others. It is clear, however, that the more we find other forms in -nc-j the less the reason for refining on the current form Bodeacut, The more, too, such forms are Keltic, the less the probability of the inference that the Ligurians were German, and the greater that of their being Kelts. [B. G. L.] HADRANUI^I. [Adrahuu.] HADBIA. [Adria.] HADRIA'NI ('ASpuiyot: Eth/A^/Htuftis), a ovn in Bithynia, not &r from the western bank of the river Bljyndacus. It was built, as its name indi- Gates, by tiie emperor Hadrian, and for this reas<xi did not exist in the time of Ptolemy; it was si- tuated on a spur of Mount Olympus, and 160 stadia to the south-east of Poemanenus. (Aristid. i. p. 596.) Hamilton (/ZeseorcAet, i. pp. 90, foil.) thinks that he discovered its ruins near the village of Bey^ jikf on the road from Bmsa to Bergamof but this does not quite agree with the above-mentioned dis- tance from Poemanenus, according to which it ought to be looked for much further westward. Adriani was the birthplace of the rhetorician Aelius Aris- tides, who was bom in a. d. 1 17. In the ecclesi- astical writers the town is known as the see of a bishop in the Hellespontine province. (Hieracl. p. 693; Soorat Hist Ecdes. vii. 25; Concil. Nicaen. iL pp. 51, 572; ConciL Chalced. p. 176 ; comp. Sestini, Geo. Nam, p. 35.) [L. S.] HADRIANOTOLISCASpioKo^oXir). V^Adri^ anople or Bdrene)^ the most important of the many towns founded by tiie emperor Hadrian, was situated in Thrace, at the point where the river Tonzos joins the Hebms, and where the latter river, having been fed in its upper course by numerous tributaries, becomes na- vigable. From Ammianos Marcellinns (xiv. 11, xxvii. 4) it would appear that Hadrianopolis was not an entirely new town, but that there had existed before on the same spot a place called Uscudama, which is ^mentioned also by Entropius (vi. 8). But as Uscu- dama b not noticed by earlier writers, some modem critics have inferred tiiat Marcellinus was mistaken, and that Uscudama was situated in another part of the counUy. Such criticism, however, is quite arbi- trary, and ought not to be listened ta At one time Hadrianopolis was designated by the name of Orestias or Odiysus (Lamprid. Heliog, 7 ; Nicet pp. 360, 830; Aposp. Geqg. ap. Hudton^ iv. p. 42); but this name seems afterwards to have bera dropped. The country around Hadrianople was very fertile, and the site altogether veiy fortunate, in consequence of which its inhabitants soon rose to a high d^ree of prosperity. They carried on extensive commerce and were dis- tinguished for their manufactures, especially of arms. The city was strongly fortified, and had to sustain a siege by the Goths in a. d. 378, on which occasion the workmen in the manu&ctories of arms formed a distinct corps. Next to Constantinople, Hadrianopolis was the first city of the £astem empire, and this rank it maintained throughout the middle ages ; the Byzantine emperors, as well as the Turkish sultans, often resided at Hadrianopolis. (Spart Hadr, 20 ; Amm. Marc. xxxi. 6, 12, 15; IL AnL 137, 175,322; Procop. B. G. iii. 40; Ann. Comn. x. p. 277; Zoeim. ii. 22; Cedren. iL pp. 184, 284, 302, 454; Uierocl. p. 635; Nicet p. 830.) COIN OP HADRIAKOPOUS IX THRACE. 2. A town built by Hadrian in the northern part of Bithynia, which was little known in consequence of its distance from the high roads, for which reason the place is not noticed in the Itineraries. (HierocL p. 695; Novell. 29; Concil. Nicean. ii. p. 52.) We pos- sess coins of this town from the time of Hadrian to Uie reign of Philip. (Sestini, pi 68.) Leake {Aiia '../.v«V;.. /U
