missioner, 1833 : Recorder of Prince of Wales Island, and knighted 1834 : Puisne Judge of the Madras Supreme Court, 1836 : Chief Justice, 1842 : retired in 1849 : died; May 31, 1879.
GAMBLE, JAMES SYKES (1847–)
Born July 2, 1847, son of Harpur Gamble, M.D. : educated at Royal Naval School, New Cross; Magdalen College, Oxford; and at Nancy, France : entered the Indian Forest Department, 1871, and rose to be Conservator of Forests, N.W.P., and Oudh, and Director of Imperial Forest School, Dehra Dun : author of A Manual of Indian Timbers, 1881; The Bamboos of British India, 1885 : C.I.E., 1899 : F.R.S. : F.L.S.
GARCIN DE TASSY, JOSEPH HELIODORE (1794–1878)
French Oriental scholar : born Jan. 25, 1794 : studied Oriental languages under Baron Silvestre de Sacy : published a work on Oriental literature, 1822, in which year he was Secretary of the Societe Asiatique, then established : the first Professor of Hindustani at the special school of Oriental languages, 1828 : he wrote a History of Hindi and Hindustani Literature, and Hindustani Authors and their Works, the Rudiments of Hindustani and Hindi, Allegories, Poetic Recitations and Popular Songs of Arabic, Persian, Hindustani and Turkish : edited Sir W. Jones' Persian Grammar in 1845, and translated El-Attar's Language of Birds : wrote a number of annual progress reports on the whole field of Indian literature : on the Muhammadan religion, on Islam d'apres le Coran, 1874 : on the Rhetoric and Prosody of the Muslim Nations, and on the religious Poetry of the Persians : in 1854–5 he translated the poet Wall, and The Adventures of Kamrup : contributed largely to the Journals of the Societe Asiatique : was a member of the Royal Asiatic Society and of the French Institute from 1838 : received the Cross of the Legion of Honour, 1837 : died at Paris, Sep. 3, 1878.
GARDNER, ALEXANDER HAUGHTON (1785–1877)
Adventurer : Colonel : born 1785, in N. America, son of a Doctor, a Scotch emigrant : educated for 9 years at St. Xavier, Mexico : was 5 years in Ireland : left America, 1812 : travelled to Lisbon, Madrid, Cairo, Trebizond, Astrakhan, Astrabad, Herat (1819), to near Khiva, Astrakhan, across the Caspian and Aral Seas, near Uratube, Kunduz, Anderab, to Afghanistan : took service under Habibulla Khan, nephew of the Amir Dost Muhammad (q.v.), engaged in the fights tween them : after Habibulla's flight in 1826, Gardner wandered, through Kafiristan, Badakshan, Shighnan, among the Kirghiz, to Yarkand, Leh, Srinagar, Gilgit, Chitral, Kabul, Kandahar (1830), Girishk (imprisioned for 9 months), to Kabul, to Dost Muhammad, to Bajour, Peshawar, Lahore (1832), where he joined Ranjit Singh's service, as Colonel of Artillery : engaged in campaigns, in Bannu, against the Afghans (1835), etc. : commanded the Jammu artillery : after Ranjit Singh's death (1839), Gardner shared in the fighting about the succession and was at Lahore when the first Sikh war against the British was declared : but was given no active part in either Sikh war : was exiled from Lahore : entered Golab Singh's service in Jammu-Kashmir (1846), and remained there till he died at Jammu, Jan. 22, 1877 : buried at Sealkot : in his old age was visited by high officers.
GARDNER, WILLIAM (1821–1897)
Quartermaster-Sergeant : entered the 42nd Royal Highlanders, 1841, served through the Crimea, and through the mutiny : present at the siege of Delhi, the capture of Lucknow and the action at Bareli, where he gained the V.C. for saving the life of Colonel Cameron when attacked by three Ghazis at once, of whom he killed two : retired 1862, and became a drill instructor of Volunteers : died Oct. 1897.
GARDNER, WILLIAM LINNEUS (1770–1835)
Son of Major Valentine Gardner, and nephew of the first Lord Gardner : entered the British Army in the 89th foot in 1783, and, passing through several regiments, was Captain in the 30th foot in 1794, which he left, to join, in 1798, Maharaja Jaswant Rao Holkar of Indore, raising and commanding a Brigade of Infantry for him. He married a Princess of Cambay. Holkar accusing Gardner of treachery, the latter would have killed the Maharaja, but was prevented. He then entered the
