with Dost Muhammad in 1857 : in the mutiny he saved the Panjab, and, by sending the movable column and all available forces down to Delhi for its siege and capture, worked for the eventual suppression of the mutiny : at one time contemplated the abandonment of Peshawar : first Lieutenant-Governor of the Panjab from Jan. I, 1859 : G.C.B. : Baronet : P.C. : K.C.S.I. : appointed by the Crown, in Sep. 1858, an original member of the new Council of India : D.C.L. : LL.D. : refused the Governorship of Bombay : Governor-General and Viceroy of India, Jan. 12, 1864, to Jan. 12, 1869 : he had to deal with the Bhutan war, and the Orissa famine : was strong in his policy of non-interference with Afghan politics : his policy was described as "masterly inactivity" : he recognized Shir Ali as de facto Amir : paid much attention to sanitation, railways, irrigation : enforced strict economy : settled the Oudh land question : was the first Governor-General to take the whole Government to Simla : he was vigorous and prompt in action, cautious, masterful, laborious, sincerely religious : after retirement, he was made Baron Lawrence of the Panjab and of Grateley : was, 1870–3, Chairman of the London School Board, and Chairman of the Committee formed to oppose the policy of the Afghan war of 1878–9 : died June 27, 1879 : buried in Westminster Abbey : statues erected to him in Calcutta and London.
LAWRENCE, RICHARD C. (1818–1896)
General : brother of Lord Lawrence (q.v.) : entered the Indian Army, 1834 : served with Bengal N.I. in the Satlaj campaign, 1845–6 : at Sobraon : with the Kashmir Contingent at the siege and assault of Delhi, 1857 : C.B. : served under his brother in the Panjab : commanded the military police : advocated the disarmament of native troops in Lahore : Military Secretary to Sir John Lawrence in part of the mutiny : Deputy Commissioner of the Simla Hill states : Resident in Nipal : died Jan. 24, 1896.
LAWRENCE, STRINGER (1697–1775)
Born March 6, 1697 : son of John Lawrence of Hereford : entered the Army in 1727 : saw service in Spain, Flanders, and the Highlands in 1745 : sent out by the Court of Directors in 1747 to be Major of the Garrison at Fort St. George : arrived at Fort St. David and commanded the troops in 1748 : taken prisoner by the French in his attack on Ariancopang near Pondicherry : released in 1749 when Madras was restored to the English : took Devikota in Tanjore in 1749 : was appointed by the Directors to be C. in C. in the E. Indies in 1852 : relieved Trichinopoly, with Clive's help, defeating the French and captured Seringham : again defeated them at Bahur, Aug. 26, 1752 : engaged till 1754 with the French and their native allies about Trichinopoly : generally victorious, so that Dupleix was recalled in 1754. Lawrence was superseded in the command when the 39th regt., the first King's troops, arrived in 1754 : was too ill to go to Bengal in 1756, when Clive was sent up. Lawrence commanded the defence of Madras, during its siege by Lally, Dec. 1758–Feb. 1759 : the siege raised on Admiral Pocock's fleet appearing. Lawrence went home, for health, in 1759, but came out again in 1761 as C. in C., Member of Council and Maj-General : retired in April, 1766 : died in London, Jan. 10, 1775. He was called "The Father of the Indian Army." His monument in Westminster Abbey bears the inscription : "Discipline established. Fortresses protected. Settlements extended. French and Indian Armies defeated, and Peace concluded in the Carnatic." He recognized the merits of Clive.
LAWRENCE, SIR WALTER ROPER (1857–)
I.C.S. : born Feb. 9, 1857 : son of George Lawrence : educated at Chelten- ham and Balliol College, Oxford : joined the Civil Service in the Panjab, 1879, passing first : Under Secretary to Panjab Government, and in the Revenue Department of the Government of India : Commissioner in Kashmir, 1889–95 : retired in 1898, without pension : went out to India again as Private Secretary to Lord Curzon, while Viceroy, 1898–1903 : K.C.I.E., 1903 : author of The Valley of Kashmir : designate to be Chief of the Staff of H.R.H. the Prince of Wales on his tour in India, 1905–6.
