England. To the close of his life he speculated much on philosophical and religious themes. His mental attitude is disclosed in his ‘Life Theories’ (1870); ‘Life Theories; their Influence on Religious Thought’ (1871), and ‘Our Morality, and the Moral Question, chiefly from the Medical Side’ (1887). In discussing ‘vitality and vital action’ (cf. Lancet, 1898) he pronounced strongly against ‘atheism,’ ‘materialism,’ ‘agnosticism,’ ‘monism,’ and ‘free thought.’ His religious point of view was that of a broad churchman. He treated the differences between man and animals as absolute, but he failed to defend his scientific position quite clearly, or to draw into controversy as he hoped fellow men of science.
Beale's intimate friends included Edward Thring (1821–1887) [q. v.], headmaster of Uppingham, Sir Henry Acland, Victor Carus of Leipzig, Sir William Bowman, and Henry Wace, dean of Canterbury. An indefatigable worker, he took no real holiday after 1858. He eschewed alcohol and ate little meat. An enthusiastic and skilful gardener, he made his country home at Weybridge known amongst horticulturists, chiefly by his culture of palms and Japanese plants, and in a small greenhouse at 61 Grosvenor Street, where he lived for forty-five years, he successfully grew orchids and other hothouse plants. In 1900 he suffered from a second attack of cerebral hæmorrhage. In 1904 he left Weybridge, where he had been living since 1885, for Bentinck Street, the house of his only surviving child, Peyton Todd Bowman Beale, F.R.C.S. He died there from pontine hæmorrhage on 28 March 1906. He was buried in Weybridge cemetery. He married in 1859 Frances, only daughter of the Rev. Peyton Blakiston, M.D., F.R.S., of St. Leonards, formerly of Birmingham; she died in 1892.
Beale was of moderate height and of sturdy build, with remarkably abundant hair, which retained its brown colour up to the age of seventy. A portrait by H. T. Wells, R.A., exhibited in the Royal Academy (1876) and the Paris exhibition (1878), belongs to his son, and a memorial tablet in bronze, designed, worked and erected by his son, is in King's College Hospital.
Besides the works cited and contributions to periodicals Beale's publications include: 1. ‘On Some Points in the Anatomy of the Liver of Man and Vertebrate Animals,’ 1856. 2. ‘Tables for the Chemical and Microscopical Examination of Urine in Health and Disease,’ 1856. 3. ‘On Deficiency of Vital Power in Disease,’ 1863. 4. ‘New Observations upon the Structure and Formation of Certain Nervous Centres,’ 1864. 5. ‘The Liver,’ 1889.
[Information from Mr. Peyton Todd Bowman Beale, F.R.C.S., and Miss Sophia Beale; Lancet, 7 April 1906 (with portrait from photograph) and 16 Oct. 1909; Brit. Med. Journal, 7 April 1906; Index Catalogue, Surgeon General's Office, Washington; Beale's own books; Proc. Roy. Soc., 1907, 77 B.]
BEATTIE-BROWN, WILLIAM (1831–1909), Scottish landscape painter, born in the parish of Haddington in 1831, was son of Adam Brown, farmer, and Ann Beattie. He removed at an early age to Edinburgh and was educated at Leith High School. Having early shown a taste for art, he was apprenticed as a glass-stainer to the well-known firm of Messrs. Ballantine, and here his artistic tastes were so rapidly developed that before his apprenticeship was completed he entered the Trustees' Art Academy, then under the charge of Robert Scott Lauder [q. v.]. Among his fellow-students of this period and companions of a later time were William Bell Scott [q. v.], Horatio MacCulloch, Sam Bough, and George Paul Chalmers [q. v.]. In 1848, when seventeen years of age, he exhibited a picture, 'On the Forth,' at the Royal Scottish Academy, and from that time till his death he was always represented at the annual exhibitions. His skill and accuracy as a draughtsman led to his being employed to make illustrations for several medical works; and his care and discretion as an artist brought him much employment in restoring pictures for Henry Doig, art-dealer, Edinburgh, whose daughter he married in 1858. To extend his experience he studied for a long time in Belgium, there using water-colour as his principal medium, though his chief work was done in oil-colour. He found English subjects for his pictures in Surrey, Kent, and Yorkshire, but his main themes were Scottish highland landscapes. He was a pioneer among the Scottish 'out-of-door' artists, frequently completing his pictures directly from nature a practice which explains his vigour and realism. In 1871 he was elected an associate of the Royal Scottish Academy, and in 1884 an academician. His diploma picture, dated 1883, is a characteristic highland landscape, 'Coire-na-Faireamh,' now in the Scottish National Gallery,
