to the end. A snow cairn surmounted by a cross was built over the tent. Some months later a cross to the memory of the five men was erected at Observation Hill on Hut Point, Ross Island.
In addition to the polar journey, much valuable exploration was carried out, together with notable scientific researches. A party, under Lieutenant V. Campbell, unable to land in King Edward Land, was put ashore by the Terra Nova at Cape Adare and was moved in the second year to Terra Nova Bay. In face of great difficulties this party explored the coastal region of South Victoria Land and reached the expedition's main base in safety.
The news of the disaster to Scott and his companions did not reach Europe till February 1913 when the expedition finally returned to New Zealand. The achievement and the heroic end aroused world-wide admiration. A memorial service was held in St. Paul's Cathedral on 14 February, government pensions were awarded to the dependents of those who had perished, and Scott's widow received the rank and precedence of the wife of a K.C.B. A Mansion House fund was opened to commemorate the explorers, and devoted chiefly to the publication of their scientific results and to the foundation of a polar research institute at Cambridge.
Scott received the C.V.O. in 1904, the Polar medal (in that year also), and the gold medals of many British and foreign geographical societies. He also received the honorary degree of D.Sc. from the universities of Cambridge and Manchester. Statues of Scott, the work of Lady Scott, stand in Waterloo Place, London, Portsmouth dockyard, and in Christchurch, New Zealand, and there are busts, also by Lady Scott, at Devonport and Dunedin, New Zealand. There is a portrait plaque in St. Paul's Cathedral. A portrait by D. A. Wehrschmidt (Veresmith), painted in 1905, was deposited on loan in the National Portrait Gallery in 1924. Another portrait, bust size and posthumous, painted by C. Percival Small, was given to the Gallery by Sir Courtauld Thomson in 1914. A third picture, also posthumous, based upon photographs and painted by Harrington Mann, was presented to the house of the Royal Geographical Society by Scott's family.
Scott married in 1908 Kathleen, youngest daughter of Canon Lloyd Bruce, by whom he had one son.
[R. F. Scott, The Voyage of the ‘Discovery’, 1905; L. Huxley, Scott's Last Expedition, 1913; E. R. G. R. Evans, South with Scott, 1921; British Antarctic Expedition (Terra Nova), 1910–1913: Scientific Results, 1914; Geographical Journal, 1902–1913, passim; Journal of the Royal United Services Institution, March 1913; private information.]
SEDGWICK, ADAM (1854–1913), zoologist, was born at Norwich 28 September 1854, the eldest son of the Rev. Richard Sedgwick, vicar of Dent, Yorkshire, by his wife, Mary Jane, daughter of John Woodhouse, of Bolton-le-Moors, Lancashire. Through both his parents he came of country-bred, land-owning ancestry. His great-uncle was Adam Sedgwick [q.v.], professor of geology in the university of Cambridge, one of the founders of British geological science. Sedgwick's childhood was spent at Dent vicarage, and from Marlborough College he passed to King's College, London, with the idea of becoming a medical student; but his stay there was brief, and he entered Trinity College, Cambridge, as a pensioner, in 1874. There he came under the strong influence of (Sir) Michael Foster, at that time praelector of physiology in Trinity College, and of Francis Maitland Balfour, who was then inspiring a school of comparative embryology in the university. In 1877 Sedgwick obtained a first class in the natural science tripos, and in the following year he became Balfour's demonstrator. In 1882, when Balfour, just elected to a special chair of animal morphology, lost his life in the Alps, Sedgwick was appointed to a readership in that subject.
For many years Sedgwick was the head of a great school of zoological research, and many of his students became distinguished teachers and investigators. A visit to Cape Colony in 1883 led to a series of highly important memoirs on the structure and development of peripatus, an archaic type which many regard as a connecting link between annelid worms and arthropods. It is probably in connexion with peripatus that Sedgwick's name will be longest remembered.
In 1897 Sedgwick, who had been elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1886, accepted a fellowship and tutorship at Trinity College, a position which he held for ten years, when he succeeded Alfred Newton as professor of zoology in the university (1907). His duties at Trinity College had already seriously interfered with his researches, and he had hardly settled down to his professorial work when, in 1909, he was called to London as professor of zoology in the new
487
