dissensions he had sown was still further to increase the power of Argyll. At the battle of Pinkie, 10 Sept. 1547, Argyll, with four thousand west highlanders, held command of the right wing of the Scottish army. In January 1447-8 he advanced to Dundee with the determination of making himself master of Broughty Castle, but apparently the negotiations of Henry VIII prevented him from persevering in his purpose, although in a letter to Lord Grey, 15 March 1548 (State Papers, Scottish Series, i. 83), he denied the rumour that he favoured England, and had been rewarded by a sum of angel nobles. If he did manifest a tendency to defection it was only temporary, for shortly afterwards he rendered important service along with the French at the siege of Haddington, and was made ‘a knight of the cockle by the king of France at the same time as the Earls of Angus and Huntly’ (Knox, Works, i. 217). At an early period Argyll came under the influence of Knox, and he subscribed the first band of the Scottish reformers. On his way to Geneva in 1556 Knox made a stay with him at Castle Campbell, ‘where he taught certain days’ (ib. i. 252 ). After the agreement of the barons, in December 1557, that the reformed preachers should teach in private houses till the government should allow them to preach in public, Argyll undertook the protection of John Douglas, a Carmelite friar, caused him to teach publicly in his house, and ‘reformed many things according to his counsel.’ To induce Argyll to renounce the reformed faith, the Archbishop of St. Andrews sent him a long and insinuating letter (see ib. i. 276-RO), to which he wrote an answer replying ‘particulerlie to every article' (ib. i. 281-90). He died in August 1558, ‘whareof,’ according to Knox (ib. i. 290), ‘the Bischoppis war glaid; for they thought that thare great. ennemye was takin out of the way.’ In his will he enjoined his son ‘that he should study to set fordwarte the publict and trew preaching of the Evangell of Jesus Christ, and to supress all superstitioun and idolatrie to the uttermost of his power.’ By his marriage to Lady Helen Hamilton, eldest daughter of the first earl of Arran, he had one son ; and by his marriage to Lady Mar aret Graham, only daughter of the third earl of Menteith, one son and two daughters. He was succeeded in the earldom by Archibald, fifth earl (1530-1573) [q.v.], his son by the first marriage. Colin, sixth earl [q. v.], was his son by his second marriage.
[Register of the Great Seal of Scotland; Calendar of State Papers (Scottish Series); Register of the Privy Council of Scotland, vol. i.; Diurnal of Remarkable Occurrents (Bannatyne Club, 1833); Bishop Lesley’s History of Scotland (Bannatgne Club, 1830); Knox’s Works (Bannatyne club), vol. i.; Donald Gregory’s History of the Western Highlands; Douglas’s Scotch Peerage, i. 91.]
CAMPBELL, ARCHIBALD, fifth Earl of Argyll (1530–1573), the leader along with Lord James Stuart, afterwards earl of Moray [q. v.], of the ‘lords of the congregation’ at the Reformation, was the eldest son of Archibald, fourth earl of Argyll [q. v.], and Lady Helen Hamilton. eldest daugqhter of the first earl of Arran. In 1556, along with Lord James Stuart, he attended the preaching of Knox at Calder, when they both ‘so approved the doctrine that they wissed it to have been publict’ (Knox, Works, i. 250). As lord of Lorne he signed the invitation to Knox to return from Geneva in 1557, and, along with his father, subscribed the first band of the Scottish reformers. While thus, both by natural choice and early training, inclined towards the reformed octrines, he was solemnly enjoined in the will of his father, who died in August 1558, to give them his zealous support. At the same time his conduct never gave any evidence of extreme fanaticism, nor, on the other hand, tortuous and inconsistent as his actions afterwards became, does personal ambition appear to have been one of his ruling motives. In his early years his reputation stood very high. Cecil, writing to Elizabeth on 19 July 1560, informs her that Argyll ‘is a goodly gentleman, universally honoured by all Scotland.’ In judging of his career it must, however, be borne in mind that at the crisis of the Reformation he was closely associated with Lord James Stuart, who was his senior by several years, and who besides possessed a strength of will and a knowledge of men and affairs which placed him almost on a level with Knox. The predominant influence of Lord James Stuart in a great degree moulded the public conduct of Argyll, and eliminated from it, during its earlier period, any uncertainty arising from indecision of purpose, impulsiveness of temperament, or min led ulterior motives. Their early friendship, cemented by their common interest in the teaching of Knox at Calder, was a fortunate occurrence for the Reformation, which, but for the fact that they worked hand in hand in its support when its fate seemed suspended in the balance, might have been frustrated for many years.
At first the action of Argyll and Lord James Stuart in joining the queen regent with their forces after the monasteries and religious houses had been spoiled by the ‘rascal multitude’ at Perth in May 1559, showed such lukewarmness towards the Re-
