1771, and the male line having thus become extinct, the peerage and estates passed to the Campbells of Carwhin.
[Douglas's Scotch Peerage, i. 240; Oxford Graduates.]
CAMPBELL, JOHN, fourth Earl of Loudon (1705–1782), military commander, only son of Hugh, third earl of Loudoun [q. v.], and Lady Margaret Dalrymple, only daughter of the first earl of Stair, was born on 5 May 1705. He succeeded his father in 1731, and from 1734 till his death was a representative peer of Scotland. He entered the army in 1727, was appointed governor of Stirling Castle in April 1741, and became aide-de-camp to the king in July 1743. On the outbreak of the rebellion in 1745 he raised a regiment of highlanders on behalf of the government, of which he was appointed colonel; and joining Sir John Cope, he acted with him as adjutant-general. After the battle of Preston, where almost the whole of his regiment was killed, he went north in the Saltash sloop of war, with arms, ammunition, and money, arriving at Inverness on 14 Oct. Within six weeks he had raised over two thousand men, and shortly afterwards relieved Fort Augustus, blockaded by the Frasers under the Master of Lovat. He then returned to Inverness, and marched to Castle Downie, the seat of Lord Lovat, whom he brought to Inverness as a hostage till the arms of the clan Fraser should be delivered up. Lord Lovat, however, made his escape during the night from the house where he was lodged. In February 1746 Loudoun formed the design of surprising Prince Charles at Moy Castle, the seat of the Mackintoshes. The rebels, however, took possession of Inverness, and on their receiving large reinforcements Loudoun marched into Sutherlandshire, and, retreating to the sea-coast, embarked with eight hundred men for the Isle of Skye. On 17 Feb. 1756 Loudoun was appointed captain-general and governor-in-chief of the province of Virginia, and on 20 March commander-in-chief of the British forces in America. He arrived at New York on 23 July, and immediately repaired to Albany, to assume command of the forces assembled there. Affairs were in great confusion, and the home authorities were slow in adopting measures to cope with the crisis. The French had made themselves masters of Forts Oswego and Ontario. To conceal his plans for a siege of Louisburg, Loudoun, on 3 Jan. 1757, laid an embargo on all outward-bound ships, a measure which was reprobated both in America and England. Afterwards, when he had collected a force deemed amply sufficient, he wasted his time at Halifax, apparently unable to decide on a definite course of action, and was therefore recalled to England, General Amherst [q. v.] being named his successor. It was said of him by a Philadelphian that he 'was like King George upon the signposts, always on horseback but never advancing.' On the declaration of war with Spain in 1762, he was appointed second in command, under Lord Tyrawley, of the British troops sent to Portugal. He died at Loudoun Castle on 27 April 1782. He was unmarried, and the title passed to his cousin, James Mure Campbell, only son of Sir James Campbell of Lawers (1667-1745) [q. v.], third and youngest son of the second earl of Loudoun. The fourth earl of Loudoun did much to improve the grounds round Loudoun Castle, Ayrshire, and sent home a large number of trees from foreign countries. He more especially devoted his attention to the collection of willows, which he interspersed in his various plantations.
[Douglas's Scotch Peerage, ii. 151-3; Hill Burton's History of Scotland; Mahon's History of England; Bancroft's History of the United States.]
CAMPBELL, JOHN (1753–1784), lieutenant-colonel, the defender of Mangalore, second son of John Campbell of Stonefield, lord Stonefield, a lord of session and of justiciary in Scotland, by Lady Grace Stuart, sister of John, earl of Bute, the favourite of George III, was born at Levenside House, near Dumbarton, on 7 Dec. 1753. He entered the army as an ensign in the 37th regiment on 25 June 1771, and was promoted lieutenant into the 7th fusiliers on 9 May 1774. He was at once ordered to America, where he served in the war of independence, and was soon taken prisoner, but exchanged and promoted captain into the 71st regiment, or Fraser's Highlanders, on 2 Dec. 1775. He continued to serve in America, and was promoted major into the 74th Highlanders on 30 Dec. 1777. In 1780 he returned to England, and in the following year exchanged into the 100th regiment, or Seaforth Highlanders, in command of which regiment, 1,000 strong, he landed at Bombay on 26 Jan. 1782. After leaving England his exchange had been effected into the 42nd Highlanders, or Black Watch; and on hearing the news he proceeded to Calicut and assumed the command of the second battalion there in time to co-operate in the second war against Hyder Ali. The British forces on the Malabar coast were at first successful: Bednore was occupied, and the fort at Annantpore stormed by the 42nd under the
