The loss of the Africaine and the death of Corbet have been fertile subjects for naval myths. It was currently said that the men refused to fight, and allowed themselves to be shot down by the dozen, sooner than endeavour to win a victory for their hated captain (Basil Hall, Fragments of Voyages and Travels, 2nd ser. iii. 322), a statement which is clearly disproved by the evidence of Captain Jenkin Jones, a master's mate on board the Africaine (Character and Conduct of the late Captain Corbet vindicated, 1839, p. 15). It was also reported that Corbet was shot by one of his own men, which the character of his wounds shows was impossible; and again that, refusing to survive his defeat, he tore the bandages off the stump of his leg, and so bled to death (Brenton, Nav. Hist. iv. 477), a story possible, but entirely unsupported by any evidence. It seems certain, however, that, notwithstanding the good behaviour of the men, which Captain Jones extols, and the discipline on which Corbet prided himself, the fire of the Africaine was wild and ineffective; that she fired away all her shot without inflicting any serious loss on either of her opponents, whose return, on the contrary, was deadly and effective. Of Corbet's courage there can be no doubt; but his judgment in engaging may be questioned, his neglect of the essential training of his men must be blamed, and the brutal severity of his punishments has left a stain on his character which even his gallant death cannot wipe away.
[Minutes of the courts-martial and official letters in the Public Record Office; the pamphlet by Captain Jenkin Jones which is referred to in the text is a collective reprint of articles which appeared in the United Service Journal, 1832, pt. iii. pp. 162, 397.]
CORBET, WILLIAM (1779–1842), Irish rebel and French general, son of a schoolmaster in the county of Cork, was born at Ballythomas in that county on 17 Aug. 1779. He was well educated by his father, who was a good scholar, and as he was a protestant, he was entered with his brother Thomas at Trinity College, Dublin, in 1794. At college he took more interest in politics than in his work, and became a member of the Society of United Irishmen and a friend of T. A. Emmett and Hamilton Rowan. He was also a leading debater in the Trinity College Historical Society, of which he was for some time secretary, and was one of the students who signed the address to Grattan in 1795. In 1798 took place the famous inquiry by Lord Clare, the chancellor of the university, and Dr. Duigenan into the conduct of the undergraduates; it was alleged that a treasonable song had been sung at a social meeting in Corbet's rooms; Lord Clare asserted the existence of an assassination committee, and Corbet was solemnly expelled with eighteen others, including T. A. Emmett. He then went deeper into treasonable practices and started for France, where he received a commission as captain, and was appointed to accompany the staff in the expedition of Humbert. He was on the same ship as Napper Tandy, which did not land in Ireland, and he therefore got safely back to France. He was then made an adjutant-general, and while he was at Hamburg, planning another descent upon Ireland, he was arrested there, contrary to the law of nations, by Sir James Craufurd, the English resident, together with Napper Tandy, Blackwell, and Morres, in November 1798. After being confined for some months at Hamburg, he was sent off to England in an English frigate in September 1799. Lord Grenville did not quite know what to do with these prisoners; Bonaparte loudly declaimed against their arrest, and declared his intention of executing certain English prisoners at Lille if any harm happened to them; and they were therefore confined in the Kilmainham prison at Dublin without being brought to trial. From Kilmainham Corbet and Blackwell made their escape in 1803, and after many risks and adventures arrived safely in Paris. Corbet's commission of 1798 was recognised, and he entered the Irish Legion, from which he was soon transferred as a captain to the 70th French regiment of the line. With the French army he served in Masséna's expedition to Portugal, and greatly distinguished himself in the retreat from Torres Vedras and especially at the battle of Sabugal. When Marmont succeeded Masséna he took Corbet on his staff, and after the battle of Salamanca, Clausel made him chef de bataillon of the 47th regiment, with which he served until 1813, when Marmont summoned him to Germany to join his staff. He served with Marmont throughout the campaigns of 1813 and 1814, at Lutzen, Bautzen, Dresden, Leipzig, &c., and he was made a commander of the Legion of Honour. After the first abdication of Napoleon he was promoted colonel in January 1815, and acted as chief of the staff to General d'Aumont at Caen. After the second restoration he was placed on half-pay, and was looked upon with disfavour by the Bourbons because of his friendship with General Foy, the leader of the opposi-
