transposed, that so his own burial-place might be unknown (Sorbière, Voyage to England, p. 68, ed. 1709).
Pepys mentioned Sorbière's story to Jeremiah White, late chaplain to the Protector, who told him that he believed Cromwell 'never had so poor a low thought in him to trouble himself about it' (13 Oct. 1664). Another report was that by Cromwell's last orders his body had been secretly conveyed away and buried at the dead of night on the field of Naseby, 'where he had obtained the greatest victory and glory' (Harleian Miscellany, ii. 286). A number of references to different stories of this nature are collected by Waylen (House of Cromwell, 340, 344). A tablet was erected in Westminster Abbey by Dean Stanley to the memory of Cromwell and other persons whose remains were ejected at the Restoration.
Elizabeth Cromwell, the widow of the Protector, survived her husband seven years, dying on 19 Nov. 1665 (Noble, i. 123). Of her life and character little is really known. One of her letters to her husband is printed by Nickolls (Letters addressed to Cromwell, p. 40). Ludlow mentions her unwillingness to take up her residence at Whitehall, and the gossip of the royalists about her homeliness and parsimony is collected in a pamphlet entitled 'The Court and Kitchen of Elizabeth, commonly called Joan Cromwell.' On her husband's death she was voted the sum of 20,000l., an annuity of 20,000l., and St. James's Palace for residence (Cal. State Papers, Dom. p. 11, 1658–9). But this does not seem to have been paid, for one of the requirements of the army petition (12 May 1659) was that an annuity of 8,000l. should be settled on the Protector's widow (Parliamentary History, xxi. 405). After the Restoration she found a refuge with her son-in-law, John Claypoole, at Norborough in Northamptonshire (Noble, i. 123–9).
The following is a list of the children of Oliver and Elizabeth Cromwell: Robert, baptised 13 Oct. 1621, died May 1639, described in the register of Felstead Church as 'Eximie pius juvenis Deum timens supra multos' (Noble, i. 132; Forster, Edinburgh Review, January' 1856); Oliver, baptised 6 Feb. 1622–1623, cornet in Lord St. John's troop in the army of the Earl of Essex, died of small-pox in March 1644 (Noble, i. 132; Gardiner, History of the Great Civil War, i. 369); Richard, afterwards lord protector, born 4 Oct. 1626 [see Cromwell, Richard; Henry, afterwards lord-lieutenant of Ireland, born 20 Jan. 1627–8 [see Cromwell, Henry]; Bridget, baptised 4 Aug. 1624, married Henry Ireton 15 June 1646, and after his death Charles Fleetwood [see Ireton, Henry; Fleetwood, Charles]; Elizabeth, baptised 2 July 1629, married John Claypoole [see Claypoole, Elizabeth; Claypoole, John]; Mary, baptised 9 Feb. 1636–7, married Lord Fauconberg 19 Nov. 1657 [see Belasyse, Thomas], died 14 March 1712 (Noble, i. 143; Waylen, p. 96); Frances, baptised 6 Dec. 1638, married Robert Rich 11 Nov. 1657, and after his death Sir John Russell, bart., of Chippenham, died 27 Jan. 1720–1 (Noble, i. 148; Waylen, p. 102). Lists of the engraved portraits of Cromwell are given by Granger and Noble (Granger, Biographical History; Noble, i. 300), and the catalogue of the prints inserted in the Sutherland copy of Clarendon in the Bodleian may also be consulted with advantage. Some additional information on this subject is to be found in Walpole's 'Anecdotes of Painting' (ed. Dallaway and Wornum, pp. 432, 529). Walpole is the authority for the story of Cromwell and Lely. Captain Winde told Sheffield, duke of Buckingham, that Oliver certainly sat to Lely, and while sitting said to him: 'Mr. Lely, I desire you would use all your skill to paint my picture truly like me, and not flatter me at all; but remark all these roughnesses, pimples, warts, and everything, otherwise I never will pay a farthing for it' (ib. 444). Of his portraits the most characteristic is that by Cooper at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge. Of caricatures and satirical prints a list is given in the 'Catalogue of Prints and Drawings in the British Museum, Division I., Satires,' vol. i. 1870. An account of all medals, coins, and seals representing Cromwell is given by Mr. Henfrey in his elaborate 'Numismata Cromwelliana,' 1877. Of Cromwell's person the best description is that given by Maidstone, the steward of his household. 'His body was well compact and strong, his stature under six feet, I believe about two inches, his head so shaped as you might see it a storehouse and shop both of a vast treasury of natural parts.' 'His temper was exceeding fiery', as I have known; but the flame, if it kept down for the most part, was soon allayed with those moral endowments he had. He was naturally compassionate towards objects in distress, even to an effeminate measure. ... A larger soul, I think, hath seldom dwelt in a house of clay than his was' (Thurloe, i. 766). Warwick, a less favourable observer, speaks of Cromwell's 'great and majestic deportment and comely presence' when Protector, and Clarendon remarks that 'as he grew into place and authority his parts seems to be renewed, and when he was to act the part of a great man he did it without
