of the United States universities, and after that event called himself minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church of America. He died at 2 St. James's Road, St. Mary Usk, Hastings, 24 Jan. 1882.
[Wesleyan Methodist Mag. (1849); Minutes of the Wesleyan Conference, 1848–51; Smith's Wesleyan Methodism (1861), iii. 70, 500–29; Wesley Banner, 1849–52, 4 vols.; Chew's James Everett (1875), pp. 366, 387, 395, 409, 415–25, 431–3; Boase's Collectanea Cornubiensia, pp. 218–19; Illustrated London News, 15 Sept. 1849, pp. 187–8, with portrait; Times, 1 Sept. p. 5, 3 Sept. p. 4; West Briton, 26 Sept. 1851, p. 5.]
DUNN, WILLIAM (1770–1849), mechanic and agriculturist, was born at Gartclash, in the parish of Kirkintilloch, Dumbartonshire, in October 1770, and was educated at the parish school and partly at the neighbouring village of Campsie. Before he was eighteen he was left an orphan, with four brothers and a sister dependent on him for support. He had already given evidence of possessing an aptitude for mechanical contrivances. His first situation was in the establishment of a cotton-spinner named Waddington, at Stockingfield, near Glasgow. Here he learned iron-turning and machine-making. Three or four years later he was in Messrs. Black & Hastie's works at Bridge of Weir, from which he went to Pollokshaws, to the factories of John Monteith. About 1800, having acquired a few hundred pounds by the sale of his patrimony of Gartclash, he resolved to start in business for himself, and accordingly opened a manufactory of machines in High John Street, Glasgow. In or about 1802 he bought a small spinning-mill in Tobago Street, Calton of Glasgow, and in 1808 he purchased the Duntocher mill, some seven miles distant from that city. A few years later he purchased from the Faifley Spinning Company the Faifley mill, which stood about a mile distant from the other. In 1813 he became the proprietor of the Dalnotter Ironworks, which had been used for slitting and rolling iron and for making implements of husbandry; and after having greatly enlarged the two mills he already owned, he was encouraged by the rapid increase of his business to build upon the site of these ironworks the Milton mill, the foundation of which was laid in 1821, and which was destroyed by fire twenty-five years later. Finally, in 1831 the Hardgate mill was built in the same neighbourhood. All these works, lying near to each other, were exclusively applied to the spinning and weaving of cotton. Under Dunn's auspices Duntocher, which had before hardly deserved the name of a village, became a thriving and populous place. Previously to his first purchase in 1808 the hands employed at the works did not exceed a hundred and fifty; at his death their number was about two thousand. Dunn became a large purchaser of land in the neighbourhood of his works, and ultimately his estates extended upwards of two miles along the banks of the Clyde, and about three miles along the banks of the canal. Upon this property, twelve hundred acres of which were farmed by himself, he employed more than two hundred and fifty men. The wages which he annually paid in this parish alone totalled 35,000l. Dunn died at Mountblow 13 March 1849, leaving property worth 500,000l.
[Anderson's Scottish Nation, ii. 109–10.]
DUNNING, JOHN, first Baron Ashburton (1731–1783), younger son of John Dunning of Ashburton, Devonshire, by his wife, Agnes, daughter of Henry Judsham of Old Port in the parish of Modbury in the same county, was born at Ashburton on 18 Oct. 1731, and after receiving a good education at the grammar school of the town, was articled to his father, who practised there as an attorney. Having shown signs of remarkable ability while in his father's office, he came up to London to study for the bar, and was admitted a student of the Middle Temple on 8 May 1752. His means were small, and he was compelled to live in a most economical manner. While a student he was very intimate with Kenyon and Horne Tooke, in whose company he used to dine ‘during the vacation, at a little eating-house in the neighbourhood of Chancery Lane, for the sum of seven pence halfpenny each. As to Dunning and myself,’ adds Tooke, ‘we were generous, for we gave the girl who waited upon us a penny a piece; but Kenyon, who always knew the value of money, sometimes rewarded her with a halfpenny, and sometimes with a promise’ (Stephens, Life of Tooke, 1813, i. 33). Dunning was called to the bar on 2 July 1756, and joined the western circuit. For several years after his call he met with but little success. In 1762, however, Serjeant Glynn, one of the leading counsel on the circuit, being suddenly attacked with gout, placed his briefs in Dunning's hands (Holliday, Life of Mansfield, 1797, pp. 36–7). So well did he avail himself of this opportunity that from this time his practice rapidly increased, and in 1764 he was making 2,000l. a year. This sudden
