India; ‘Plan of Reform adopted by the Society of the Friends of the People in 1795,’ reprinted in 1813; ‘Proceedings in the House of Commons on the Slave Trade,’ 1796; ‘The Question as it stood in March 1798,’ 1798; ‘Reflections on the Abundance of Paper Money,’ 1810; ‘Letter to Lord Grey,’ 1814 (upon the blockade of Norway), and ‘Letter to Lord Holland,’ 1816 (upon Irish policy); ‘Historical Questions Exhibited,’ in the ‘Morning Chronicle’ for January 1818 (upon the legitimacy of several royal families).
[The main authority for Francis's life is Memoirs of Sir Philip Francis, commenced by the late Joseph Parkes, completed and edited by Herman Merivale, 2 vols. 8vo, 1867 (founded on researches by Parkes, who had access to Francis's papers, but was very uncritical, and hastily put together by Merivale). See also the Memoirs by Dubois in the Mirror of 1811, reprinted in Taylor's Junius Identified; an article in the Gent. Mag. for January 1819, and one in the Annual Obituary for 1820, pp. 189–233. For the Indian career see Mr. Justice Stephen's Nuncomar and Impey, 1885; H. Beveridge's Trial of Maharaja Nanda Kumar, Calcutta, 1886; Calcutta Review, January 1845, pp. 561–608; Macaulay's Warren Hastings and the usual histories; H. E. Busteed's Echoes of Old Calcutta, 1882, pp. 72–165. Various anecdotes by Lady Francis are given in a letter printed in the notes to Campbell's Lord Loughborough in Lives of the Chancellors, 1847, vi. 344–7, in Wade's Junius, and in Parkes and Merivale; they are utterly untrustworthy. For remarks upon Francis's supposed authorship of Junius see Discovery of the Author of Junius (by John Taylor), 1813; the Identity of Junius with a Distinguished Living Character (by the same), 1816, and Supplement, 1817. For Taylor's statement that the book was exclusively by him, see Notes and Queries, 1st ser. iii. 258; Butler's Reminiscences, 1824, i. 73–107, ii. 120–6; E. H. Barker's Claims of Sir Philip Francis Disproved (privately printed 1827), 1828; Wraxall's Posthumous Memoirs, 1836, iii. 125–38; Dilke's Papers of a Critic, vol. ii.; A. Hayward's More about Junius, in Historical and Critical Essays; The Handwriting of Junius Investigated by Charles Chabot, with preface by Hon. E. Twisleton, 1871; Mahon's History, chap. xlvii.; Lecky's History, iii. 235–54; art. ‘Chatham, Francis, and Junius,’ by present writer, English Historical Review, April 1888; Mr. Fraser Rae, in Athenæum for 1888, ii. 192, 258, 319. A list of over fifty suggested authors is given in Halkett and Laing's Dictionary of Anonymous Literature and Cushing's Initials and Pseudonyms. Lists of books on the subject are in Lowndes's Manual, and Notes and Queries, 6th ser. v. 463. The following may be mentioned: In favour of Barré, Isaac: John Britton's Authorship of Junius Elucidated, 1841; of Boyd, Hugh [q. v.]: George Chalmers's Authorship of Junius Ascertained, with appendix to Supplemental Apology, 1819; also Almon's Anecdotes, ii. 16, and Almon's Junius; of Burke, William: J. C. Symons's William Burke the Author of Junius, 1859; of Chatham: B. Waterhouse's Essay on Junius, 1841, John Swinden's Junius Lord Chatham, 1833, and William Dowe's Junius Lord Chatham, 1857; of Chesterfield: W. Cramp's The Author of Junius Discovered in … Lord Chesterfield, 1821, and other books in 1823 and 1851; of De Lolme: T. Busby's Arguments and Facts Demonstrating … 1816; of Laughlin Macleane: Sir D. Brewster; of Lord Lyttelton: Quarterly Review, vol. xc. (by David Trevena Coulton); of Governor Pownall: Fred. Griffin's Junius Discovered, 1854; of Lord George Sackville: G. Coventry's Critical Enquiry, 1825, and John Jaques's History of Junius, 1843; of Lord Temple: Isaac Newhall's Letters on Junius, 1831, and W. J. Smith in Grenville Papers, iii. pp. xiii–ccxxviii; of John Horne Tooke: John A. Graham's Memoirs of J. H. Tooke, 1829, and [J. Bellows] Posthumous Works of Junius, 1829; of D. Wilmot: Olivia Serres Wilmot's Junius: Sir Philip Francis denied; of Daniel Wray: James Falconer's The Secret Revealed, 1830. The Anecdotes of Junius, 1788, were reprinted from ‘Anecdotes’ prefixed to the so-called ‘Piccadilly’ edition of 1771, assuming E. Burke to be the author. The opinion was common at the time, from Burke's unique combination of literary and political fame, but was solemnly denied by him, and is intrinsically incredible. In 1841 Mr. N. W. Simons reprinted ‘A Letter to an Honourable Brigadier-General’ (1760), which he ascribed to Junius on (worthless) internal evidence.]
FRANCIS, THOMAS, M.D. (d. 1574), president of the College of Physicians, a native of Chester, was educated at Christ Church, Oxford, as a member of which he was admitted B.A. 19 June 1540, and M.A. 7 July 1544. 'After he had taken the degree of M. of A.,' says Wood, ' he applyed his studies to the theological faculty, but the encouragement thereof being in these days but little, he transfer'd himself to the school of physicians, and, with the consent and approbation of Dr. Wryght, the vice-chancellor, was entred on the physic line, 4 [7] Aug. 1550. In the year after, I find him supplying the place and office of the king's professor of physic, being, I presume, only deputy for Dr. John Warner' (Fasti Oxon. ed. Bliss, i. 143-4). He received the degree of M.B. and license to practise 9 March 1554-5, and commenced M.D. on the following 29 July (Reg. of Univ. of Oxford, Oxf. Hist. Soc. i. 198, 299). In the beginning of 1554-5 he succeeded Warner in the regius professorship, which he resigned in 1561 to become provost of Queen's College. The appointment was not a popular one, and 'serious disturbances' took place at his inauguration (Letter of Francis, Calfhill, and others to
