'Edinburgh Encyclopædia' (1830) and contributed to the seventh edition of the 'Encyclopædia Britannica' articles on 'Astronomy,' 'Balance,' 'Calendar,' 'Chronology,' 'Comet,' 'Figure of the Earth,' 'Precession of the Equinoxes,' and 'Probability.' The last paper was also issued in a separate volume. He wrote also in the 'Edinburgh Review,' his first contribution (No. 101, year 1830) being on 'The Recent History of Astronomical Science.' He also wrote for the 'Philosophical Magazine.' Among his later papers are some on 'Double Stars of the Southern Hemisphere,' 'The Dodo and its Kindred,' 'The Numeral Expression of the apparent Magnitude of the Stars,' and an article of eight pages on 'The Statistics of Coal.'
[Register of Births in Symington parish, 1796; Survey of Lanarkshire, 1796; Matriculation Roll of Edinburgh University, 1812; Transactions of the Royal Astronomical Society, 1829, &c.; obituary notice at annual meeting, 13 Feb. 1852; Transactions of the Royal Society, including obituary notice read on 1 Dec. 1851-; Edinburgh Encyclopædia, vol. xvi.; Encyclopædia Britannica, 7th edit., and information from the publishers; Edinburgh Review, li. 81-114; Philosophical Magazine, xxxii. 318-26, xxxiii. 145-154, 407-77.]
GALLY, HENRY, D.D. (1696–1769), divine and classical scholar, son of the Rev. Peter Gally, a French protestant refugee, was born at Beckenham, Kent, in August 1696. He was admitted a pensioner of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, under the tuition of Mr. Fawcett, 8 May 1714, and became a scholar of that house in the following July. He graduated B.A. in 1717, M.A. in 1721, and was upon the king's list for the degree of D.D., to which he was admitted 25 April 1728, when George II visited Cambridge. In 1721 he was chosen lecturer of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, and on 23 Nov. in the same year was instituted to the rectory of Wavendon or Wandon, Buckinghamshire, on the presentation of his father (Lipscombe, Buckinghamshire, iv. 396). Lord-chancellor King appointed him his domestic chaplain in 1725, and preferred him to a prebend in the church of Gloucester, 15 May 1728, and to another in the church of Norwich in 1731 (Le Neve, Fasti, i. 450, ii. 498). He also presented him to the rectory of Ashney or Ashton, Northamptonshire, in 1730, and to that of St. Giles-in-the-Fields in 1732. Gally now resigned the rectory of Wavendon, in which he was succeeded by his father.' The king made him one of his chaplains in ordinary in October 1735. Gaily died on 7 Aug. 1769.
He was author of:
- 'The Misery of Man,' 1723; being the substance of two sermons preached at St. Paul's, Covent Garden.
- 'The Moral Characters of Theophrastus, translated from the Greek with notes. To which is prefixed a critical essay on Characteristic-Writings,' London, 1725, 8vo; dedicated to Lord Carteret, lord-lieutenant of Ireland.
- 'The Reasonableness of Church and College Fines asserted, and the Rights which Churches and Colleges have in their Estates defended,' 1731, when a bill was introduced into the House of Commons to alter the tenure of their estates, and to ascertain the fines payable on the renewal of their leases. It was written in answer to a treatise by 'Everard Fleetwood,' i. e. S. Burroughs, to which replies were also written by Dr. Roger Long and Dr. William Derham [q. v.]
- 'A Sermon preached before the House of Commons on June 11, 1739, being the anniversary of his majesty's accession,'
- 'Some Considerations upon Clandestine Marriages,' 1750, 8vo (two editions). This pamphlet was noticed in parliament in the debates on the Marriage Act (Earl of Orford, Works, v. 37).
- 'A Dissertation against pronouncing the Greek Language according to accents,' 1754, 8vo (anon.)
- 'A second Dissertation against pronouncing the Greek Language according to accents, in answer to Mr. [John] Foster's Essay,' 1763, 8vo (anon.)
These two essays were reprinted with Foster's 'Essay on the different nature of Accent and Quantity,' 1820.
He edited 'Some Thoughts concerning the proper method of Studying Divinity,' by W. Wotton, DD.
[Addit. MS. 5870, f. 128; Cantabrigienses Graduati (1787), p. 152; Gent. Mag, xxxix. 414; Lamb's Corpus Christi Coll. p. 469; Masters's Corpus Christi Coll. p. 291; Nichols's Lit. Anecd. ii. 274.]
GALMOY, Viscount (1652–1740). [See Butler, Pierce.]
GALPINE, JOHN (d. 1806), author of 'Synoptical Compend of the British Flora,' was elected an associate of the Linnean Society 20 Feb. 1798; the preface to his work above cited was dated Blandford, 1 Jan. 1806, and he died before 24 May of the same year. After his death three enlarged editions were printed by a London bookseller, dated respectively 1819, 1829, 1834.
[Archives, Linnean Society.]
GALT, JOHN (1779–1839), novelist, was born 2 May 1779 at Irvine in Ayrshire. His father commanded a West-Indiaman. His mother was a woman of much character, shrewd, full of humour, and quaintly original in conversation. Gait as a child was deli-
