classical and elegant literature’ (Memoirs of Lord Kames, iii. 293 note). In 1762 Garden purchased the estate of Johnson at Laurencekirk, Kincardineshire, and in 1765 began to build a new village, which so rapidly increased in the number of its inhabitants, that in 1779 it was erected into a burgh of barony. At the time of his death the village contained five hundred houses, with a population of twelve thousand. To encourage strangers to settle in it he offered land on very easy terms, and built an inn. He also founded a library and a museum for the use of the villagers, and did his best to establish in the district manufactures of various kinds. His ‘Memorandums concerning the Village of Lawrence Kirk’ will be found in the appendix to Knox's ‘Tour through the Highlands of Scotland,’ 1787, pp. 85–91. In May 1789 he erected at his own expense a Doric temple over St. Bernard's Well, near Edinburgh, having derived great benefit from the use of the waters. He never married. There are two portraits of him at Troup House, Banffshire, in the possession of Colonel Francis William Garden-Campbell, and a characteristic etching of him on horseback by Kay will be found in ‘Original Portraits’ (i. opp. p. 22, No. vii.)
Garden's works are: 1. ‘Letter to the Inhabitants of Lawrence Kirk,’ 1780, 8vo. 2. ‘Travelling Memorandums, made in a Tour upon the Continent of Europe in the Years 1786, 1787, and 1788.’ Vol. i., Edinburgh, 1791, 8vo and 12mo; vol. ii., Edinburgh, 1792, 8vo and 12mo. Vol. iii. was published after his death, and contains a short memoir of the author, Edinburgh, 1795, 8vo and 12mo. A second edition of vols. i. and ii. appeared at Edinburgh in 1792, 8vo. Garden also had a hand in ‘Miscellanies in Prose and Verse,’ Edinburgh, 1791, 12mo; second edit., corrected and enlarged, Edinburgh, 1792, 12mo.
[Travelling Memorandums, iii. (1795), 3–31; Gleig's Suppl. to the third edit. of the Encycl. Brit. (1801), i. 694–6; Brunton and Haig's Senators of the College of Justice (1832), pp. 526, 527–8; Kay's Original Portraits (1877), i. 22–5, 61, 350, 419, ii. 8, 71, 163; Tytler's Memoirs of Lord Kames (1814), iii. 293–304; Allardyce's Scotland and Scotsmen (1888), i. 126, 369–80; Chalmers's Biog. Dict. of Eminent Scotsmen (1869), ii. 80–2; Anderson's Scottish Nation (1863), ii. 281–2; Chalmers's Biog. Dict. (1814), xv. 270–2; Sir John Sinclair's Statistical Account of Scotland, i. 475–7, v. 176–8; Burke's Landed Gentry (1879), i. 618; Gent. Mag. (1793), lxiii. pt. ii. 769, 803; Scots Mag. (1748) x. 155, (1759) xxi. 446, (1789) li. 653–4, (1793) lv. 362; Edinburgh Mag. (1793), ii. 252; Notes and Queries, 3rd ser. v. 95; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
GARDEN, FRANCIS (1810–1884), theologian, son of Alexander Garden, a Glasgow merchant, and Rebecca, daughter of Robert Menteith, esq., of Carstairs, N.B., was educated partly at home and partly at the college at Glasgow, whence he passed to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he took his degree of B.A. in 1833 and M.A. in 1836. In 1833 he obtained the Hulsean prize for an essay on the ‘Advantages accruing from Christianity.’ At Cambridge he belonged to the set of which R. Chenevix Trench, F. D. Maurice, and John Sterling were among the leaders, whose intimate friendship, together with that of Edmund Lushington and G. Stovin Venables, he enjoyed. His name occurs frequently in Trench's early letters (Memorials, i. 118, 182, 186, 236, &c.), and he was Trench's companion in Rome and its environs in January 1835. He was ordained deacon in 1836, as curate to Sir Herbert Oakeley at Bocking in Essex. In 1838–9 he was curate to Julius Charles Hare at Hurstmonceaux in Sussex, succeeding after an interval his friend Sterling. There was hardly sufficient sympathy between Garden and Hare for him to stay long as his curate, and he removed in 1839 to the curacy of St. James's, Piccadilly, from which he became successively the incumbent of Holy Trinity Church, Blackheath Hill (1840–4), junior incumbent of St. Paul's, Edinburgh (1845–9), curate of St. Stephen's, Westminster, assistant minister of the English chapel at Rome (1851–2), and finally, in 1859, he succeeded Dr. Wesley as sub-dean of the Chapel Royal, an appointment which he held till his death in 1884. In 1841 he undertook the editorship of the ‘Christian Remembrancer,’ which he retained for some years. In his earlier years Garden attached himself to the Oxford school, which was then exercising a powerful attraction over thoughtful minds. Trench describes a sermon he heard him preach in 1839 on ‘the anger of God,’ as ‘Newmanite and in parts very unpleasant.’ He subsequently became somewhat of a broad churchman, adopting the teaching of F. D. Maurice on the incarnation, the atonement, and other chief Christian doctrines, and contributing several thoughtful essays to the series of ‘Tracts for Priests and People,’ a literary organ of that school. The bent of his mind was essentially philosophical, disinclined to rest in any bare dogmatic statements without probing them to the bottom to discover the intellectual basis on which they rested. In 1848 he published ‘Discourses on Heavenly Knowledge and Heavenly Love,’ followed in 1853 by ‘Lectures on the Beatitudes.’ A pamphlet on the renunciation of holy orders,
