the West Indies. His command was uneventful. He became vice-admiral on 16 Sept. 1864, was nominated a G.C.B. on 28 March 1865, and returned to England in the spring of 1867. From 1869 to 1872 he was commander-in-chief at Portsmouth, and was thus, in October 1870, called on to preside at the court-martial which inquired into the loss of the Captain [see Burgoyne, Hugh Talbot; Coles, Cowper Phipps]. He became an admiral on 21 Jan. 1870; was appointed principal A.D.C. in February 1873; was placed on the retired list, on attaining the age of seventy, in March 1878; and on 15 June 1879 was advanced to the honorary rank of admiral of the fleet. During his later years his health was much broken, and he lived in comparative retirement. He died at Carriden House in Linlithgowshire on 9 June 1881. He was twice married, but left no issue. His portrait, a good likeness, by Sydney Hodges is in the Painted Hall at Greenwich.
[Foster's Peerage, s.n. ‘Hopetoun;’ O'Byrne's Naval Biog. Dict.; Yonge's Hist. of the British Navy; Sherard Osborn's Fight on the Peiho (originally published in Blackwood's Mag. December 1859); Rennie's British Arms in North China and Japan; Annual Register, 1859, 1860; Times, 10 June 1881.]
HOPE, Sir JAMES ARCHIBALD (1785–1871), general, son of Lieutenant-colonel Erskine Hope, 26th (Cameronians) regiment of foot, and great-grandson of Sir Thomas Hope, eighth baronet of Craighall, Fifeshire, was born in 1785, and in January 1800 was appointed ensign in the 26th Cameronians, then at Halifax, Nova Scotia, of which his father was junior major. He became lieutenant in the regiment in 1801, and captain in 1805. He served with his regiment in Hanover in 1805–6, was a deputy assistant adjutant-general under Lord Cathcart at Copenhagen in 1807, and on the staff of Sir John Hope, afterwards fourth earl of Hopetoun [q. v.], in Sweden in 1808, in Spain in 1808–9—including the actions at Lugo and Corunna—and in the Walcheren expedition. He was aide-de-camp to General Graham [see Graham, Thomas, Lord Lynedoch] at Barossa, and brought home the despatches and the ‘eagle’ captured by the 87th regiment (Gurwood, Well. Desp. iv. 698). He was afterwards with Graham at Ciudad Rodrigo and before Badajoz. When Graham went home on sick leave during Wellington's advance against the forts of Salamanca, Hope was appointed an assistant adjutant-general, in which capacity he was present at Salamanca, Burgos, Vittoria, St. Sebastian, and the passage of the Bidassoa. He was afterwards selected, while attached to the 7th division, to act as assistant adjutant-general and military secretary to Marshal Beresford, who was in command of an army corps of three divisions. With this army corps Hope made the concluding campaigns, including the actions of the Nivelle, Nive, Orthez, and Toulouse. He was made a brevet-major in March 1811, and lieutenant-colonel January 1813, and was promoted on 25 July 1814 from the Cameronians to be captain and lieutenant-colonel 3rd foot guards (now Scots Guards). In that regiment he served twenty-five years, retiring on half-pay unattached on 1 Nov. 1839. He became brevet-colonel in 1830, a major-general in 1841, was employed as major-general on the staff in Lower Canada 1841–7, was appointed colonel 9th foot in 1848, and became lieutenant-general in 1851, and general in 1859.
Hope was a G.C.B., and had the Peninsular gold cross and clasp for Vittoria, Nivelle, Nive, Orthes, and Toulouse, and the Peninsular medal with clasps for Corunna, Barossa, Ciudad Rodrigo, Badajoz, and Salamanca. He was married, and had three children. He died at his residence, Balgowan House, Cheltenham, on 30 Dec. 1871, aged 86.
[Foster's Baronetage, under ‘Hope of Craighall;’ London Gazette; Hart's Army Lists; Times newspaper, January 1872.]
HOPE, Sir JOHN, Lord Craighall, (1605?–1654), Scottish judge, born about 1605, was eldest son of Sir Thomas Hope of Craighall, first baronet [q. v.], by Elizabeth, daughter of John Bennet of Wallyford, Haddingtonshire; Sir James Hope (1614–1661) [q. v.] was his younger brother. He was educated for the law, and having been admitted advocate rapidly acquired practice, and in 1632 was knighted and appointed an ordinary lord of session, assuming the title of Lord Craighall, and taking his seat on 27 July. In September 1638 he refused to subscribe the king's covenant until it had been approved by the general assembly. In 1640 he was placed on the committee of estates appointed to provide for the defence of the kingdom against Charles I; was reappointed ordinary lord of session ‘ad vitam aut culpam’ in the following year; and in 1644 was made one of the commissioners for the visitation of St. Andrews, the plantation of kirks, the administration of the exchequer and the excise. In 1651 his brother, Sir Alexander Hope, underwent examination by the committee of estates for advising the king to surrender Scotland and Ireland to Cromwell, and quoted Lord Craighall to the effect that it would be wise in his
