that the mind, like the bodily organism, is a unit, whose aspects can be logically separated, but which are not really distinct. Although his admirers do not claim that he contributed any radically new conception to philosophy, they hold that he did much to bring out new aspects of doctrines not fully perceived by his predecessors.
Lewes's health had been often feeble during his later years. He had, however, a remarkable buoyancy of spirit, and was, till the last, most brilliant and agreeable in conversation. Whatever his faults, he was a man of singular generosity, genial and unpretentious, quick to recognise merit, and ready to help young authors. Though an incisive critic he was never bitter, and was fair and open-minded in controversy. His extraordinary versatility is shown by his writings, and was, perhaps, some hindrance to his eminence in special departments. He was short and slight, with a fine brow and very bright eyes, but the other features were such that Douglas Jerrold is said to have called him too unequivocally the ‘ugliest man in London.’ Yet in animated talk his personal defects would vanish.
Lewes died at the Priory, St. John's Wood, where he had lived from 1863, on 28 Nov. 1878. Two of his sons, Thornton and Herbert, died before him in 1869 and 1875. His eldest son, Charles, born in 1843, gained a clerkship in the post office in 1860, and became the heir of George Eliot on her death in 1880. He left the post office in 1886. He was a promoter of the Hampstead Heath extension, and was elected a member of the first London County Council for the St. Pancras district in 1888. He died 26 April 1891 at Luxor in Egypt. By his wife Gertrude, sister of Miss Octavia Hill, whom he married in 1864, he left three daughters (Times, 2 May 1891).
Lewes's works are: 1. ‘Biographical History of Philosophy,’ 2 vols. 8vo, 1845–6 (later editions in 1857, 1867, 1871, 1880; translated into German and Magyar). 2. ‘The Spanish Drama: Lope da Vega and Calderon,’ 1847. 3. ‘Ranthorpe,’ 1847. 4. ‘Rose, Blanche, and Violet,’ 1848. 5. ‘The Noble Heart’ (play). 6. ‘Life of Maximilien Robespierre, with Extracts from unpublished Correspondence,’ 1849. 7. ‘Comte's Philosophy of the Sciences,’ 1853. 8. ‘The Life of Goethe,’ 2 vols. 8vo, 1855, 1864, 1875, 1890 (abridgment in 1873). 9. ‘Seaside Studies at Ilfracombe, Tenby, the Scilly Isles, and Jersey,’ 1858. 10. ‘Physiology of Common Life,’ 2 vols. 8vo, 1859–60. 11. ‘Studies in Animal Life,’ 1862. 12. ‘Aristotle, a Chapter from the History of the Sciences, including an Analysis of Aristotle's Scientific Writings,’ 1864. 13. ‘Problems of Life and Mind’ (see above), 1874–9. 14. ‘On Actors and the Art of Acting,’ 1875. 15. ‘The Study of Psychology: its Object, Scope, and Method,’ 1879.
[The fullest account of Lewes is in an article in the New Quarterly for October 1879, written by Mr. Sully, with information from George Eliot; see also Cross's Life of George Eliot; information has been received from private sources.]
LEWGAR, JOHN (1602–1665), Roman catholic controversialist, born in London ‘of genteel parents’ in 1602, was admitted a commoner of Trinity College, Oxford, and matriculated 13 Dec. 1616 (Register of Oxford Univ. ed. Clark, vol. ii. pt. ii. p. 357). He was admitted B.A. 25 Nov. 1619, commenced M.A. in 1622, was incorporated at Cambridge in 1625, and took the degree of B.D. 6 July 1632 (ib. vol. ii. pt. iii. p. 378). He was rector of Laverton, Somerset, 1627–35. Having been induced by Chillingworth to abjure protestantism, he went to Maryland on the invitation of Cecil Calvert, second lord Baltimore, who had been his intimate friend at college. After the death of his wife Lewgar returned to England, some years before the Restoration, in company with Father Andrew White, a jesuit, who had been engaged in missionary work among the aborigines of Maryland. Subsequently he resided in Lord Baltimore's house in Wild Street, London; and he died of the plague, in the parish of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, in 1665.
His works are: 1. ‘Erastus Junior: a solid Demonstration by Principles, Forms of Ordination, Common Laws, Acts of Parliament, that no Bishop, Minister, nor Presbyter, hath any Authority to Preach, &c., from Christ, but from the Parliament,’ London, 1659–60. 2. ‘Erastus Senior, scholastically demonstrating this Conclusion, That (admitting their Lambeth Records for true) those called Bishops here in England are no Bishops either in order or jurisdiction, or so much as legal’ (anon.) [London?], 1662, 12mo, in answer to Mason, Heylyn, and Bramhall. It elicited from R[alph?] C[udworth?] a reply, entitled ‘A Scholasticall Discourse … wherein is answered all which is alleged by Erastus Senior against the order and jurisdiction of the Bishops of the Church of England,’ London, 1663, 4to. Lewgar's treatise has been erroneously ascribed to Peter Talbot in reprints which appeared at Sydney in 1848 and New York in 1850, and in ‘The English Catholic Library,’ vol. ii. London, 1844, 8vo. Talbot wrote a book on the same topic, entitled ‘The Nullity of the Protestant Church of England and its Clergy,’ Brussels,
