wards. They were, however, deserted by the English near Annan, and after capturing Dumfries retreated southwards to Carlisle (Spalding, ii. 350). For this Lindsay was, with Montrose, excommunicated on 26 April by the general assembly (Guthry, Memoirs, p. 154). On 22 July he was found guilty of high treason (Balfour, iii. 230), and on the 25th sentence of forfaultry was passed against him (ib. p. 235), the title and dignity of Earl of Crawford being, according to the patent of 15 Jan. 1641–2, ratified to John, first earl of Lindsay [q. v.], at that time a zealous covenanter.
Crawford rejoined the royalists in England, and as lieutenant-general under Prince Rupert fought at Marston Moor 2 July 1644. After this disaster to the royal cause Crawford and other Scotch officers threw themselves into Newcastle, but on 19 Oct. the town was captured by General Leslie. Crawford was taken prisoner, was sent to Edinburgh, and was compelled to enter the town bareheaded as a traitor (Spalding, ii. 429). Chiefly through the influence of John, first earl of Lindsay and seventeenth earl of Crawford [q. v.], according to Wishart (Life of Montrose), he was condemned to death, and a deputation was sent by the general assembly to parliament to press for his immediate execution (Guthry, p. 180); but delay was deemed prudent, and he and the other prisoners who were in the Tolbooth were set at liberty by Montrose after his triumph at Kilsyth, 15 Aug. 1645. Crawford was present at the rout of Montrose at Philiphaugh by Leslie on 13 Sept., and making his escape rejoined Montrose at a ford beyond the Clyde, near Peebles, where they again separated, Montrose retreating with the foot to the highlands, and Crawford with the horse to the Mearns. Crawford afterwards rejoined Montrose in the highlands and distinguished himself in various indecisive attacks and skirmishes. In the spring of 1646 he made a raid into Buchan and burned the town of Fraserburgh, but a division of Middleton's army compelled him soon afterwards to retreat. On 3 June he wrote a letter to the king, in which he expressed his determination ‘to run the same hazard and course with the Marquis of Montrose’ (manuscripts of the Duke of Hamilton in Hist. MSS. Comm. 11th Rep. App. pt. vi. p. 110). After the king delivered himself up to the Scots at Newark, Montrose disbanded his followers (31 July). Both Crawford and Montrose were specially excepted from the articles of Westminster of 11 July, but by a special arrangement between Middleton and Montrose they were permitted to retire beyond seas. Crawford accompanied the Irish auxiliaries to Ireland, where he succeeded in obtaining a promise of three thousand men to aid in the king's rescue. On the 15th he wrote to the king from Cantyre informing him that he was on his way to Paris, and expressing his willingness to serve him (ib. p. 113). Arriving at Paris on 13 Oct., he laid his proposal before Queen Henrietta Maria; but finding that his offers were coldly received, he went to Spain, to ‘crave arrears due to him by that king’ (Guthry, p. 223). Here he obtained command of an Irish regiment; but he left Spain about 1651 in great want, and sailing from St. Malo in command of some ships he ‘took a prize or two’ (Cal. State Papers, Dom. Ser. 1651–2, p. 3). In the same year he was in Paris, and during the tumults of the Fronde guarded the Cardinal de Retz in the citadel of Notre-Dame with fifty Scottish officers who had served under Montrose. He is supposed to have died in France in 1652: it is certain that he was dead in 1653. He was married to Margaret Graham, second daughter of William, earl of Strathearn, Monteith, and Airth, and widow of Alexander, lord Garlies, but left no issue, and with his death the issue male of the ‘wicked master’ became extinct.
[Sir James Balfour's Annals of Scotland; Spalding's Memorialls of the Trubles (Spalding Club); Robert Baillie's Letters and Journals (Bannatyne Club); Guthry's Memoirs; Sir Thomas Hope's Diary (Bannatyne Club); Wishart's Life of Montrose; Napier's Life of Montrose; Riddell's Crawford Case; Godwin's Civil War in Hants, 1882; Warburton's Prince Rupert; Cal. State Papers, Dom. Ser., reign of Charles I, and Cromwellian period; Hist. MSS. Comm. 11th Rep. App. pt. vi.; Lord Lindsay's Lives of the Lindsays; Lindsay Pedigree, by W. A. Lindsay, in the College of Arms; Douglas's Scottish Peerage (Wood), i. 381–2.]
LINDSAY, PATRICK, sixth Lord Lindsay of the Byres (d. 1589), a prominent supporter of the reformers in Scotland, was the eldest son of John, fifth Baron Lindsay [q. v.] of the Byres, by Helen Stewart, daughter of John, third earl of Atholl. He is said to have been the first of the Scottish nobility who openly joined the reformers. He was one of those who, in May 1559, took up arms to prevent Perth falling into the hands of the queen-regent (Knox, i. 339), and after the treaty at Cupar Muir had a principal share in the expulsion of the French garrison from the city (Cal. State Papers, For. Ser. 1558–9, entry 908). On the evacuation of Edinburgh by the lords of the congregation in the following spring, he rendered
