engraved in Mrs. Hookham's 'Life,' vol. ii. Two other engravings by Elstracke and Faber respectively are known.
[The biographies of Margaret are numerous. They include: (1) Michel Baudier's History of the Calamities of Margaret of Anjou, London, 1737; a mere romance, 'fécond en harangues et en réflexions,' and translated from a French manuscript that had never been printed. (2) The Abbé Prévost's Histoire de Marguerite d'Anjou, 2 vols., Amsterdam, 1750, a work of imaginition by the author of Manon Lescaut. (3) Louis Lallement's Marguerite d'Anjou-Lorraine, Nancy, 1855. (4) J. J. Roy's Histoire de Marguerite d'Anjou, Tours, 1857. (5) Miss Strickland's Life in Queens of England, i. 534-640 (6-vol. ed.); one of the weakest of the series, and very uncritical. (6) Mrs. Hookham's Life of Margaret of Anjou, 2 vols., 1872; an elaborate compilation that, though containing many facts, is of no very great value, being mostly derived from modern sources, used without discrimination. (7) Vallet de Viriville's Memoir in the Nouvelle Biographie Générale, xxxiii. 585-94; short but useful, though of unequal value, and giving elaborate but not always very precise references to printed and manuscript authorities. Better modern versions than in the professed biographers can be collected from Lecoy de la Marche's Le Roi René; G. Du Fresne de Beaucourt's Histoire de Charles VII; Sir James Ramsay's History of England, 1399-1485: Stubbs's Const. Hist. vol.iii.; Pauli's Englische Geschichte, vol. v.; Mr. Gairdner's Introductions to the Paston Letters; and Mr. Plummer's Introduction to his edition of Fortescue's Governance of England. Among contemporary authorities the English chronicles are extremely meagre, and little illustrate the character, policy, and motives of Margaret. They are enumerated in the article on Henry VI. The foreign chronicles are very full and circumstantial, though their partisanship, ignorance, and love of picturesque effect make extreme caution necessary in using them. It is, however, from them only that Margaret's biography can for the most part be drawn. Of the above, Chastellain, ed. Kervyn de Lettenhore, is the most important; but Mathieu d'Escouchy, Basin, Philippe de Comines, and Waurin also contain much that is valuable. They are all quoted from the editions of the Société de l'Histoire de France, except Waurin, who is referred to in the recently completed Rolls Series edition. The most important collections of documents are: Rymer's Fœdera, vols, x-xii.; Nicolas's Proceedings and Ordinances of the Privy Council, vols. iii-vi.; the Rolls of Parliament, vols. v. and vi.; Stevenson's Wars of the English in France (Rolls Series); the Paston Letters, ed. Gairdner. Other and less general authorities are quoted in the text. A large number of letters of Margaret of Anjou, covering the ten years that followed her marriage, have been published by Mr. C. Monro for the Camden Society, 1803, but are of no great value.]
MARGARET of Denmark (1457?–1486), queen of James III of Scotland, was the eldest daughter of Christian I of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, by Dorothea, princess of Brandenburg, and widow of Christof III. The marriage contract was signed 8 Sept. 1468, her father granting her a dowry of sixty thousand florins Rhenish; ten thousand florins were to be paid before the princess left Copenhagen, and the islands of Orkney, which then belonged to Denmark, were to be pledged for the remainder. James III by the same contract undertook to secure his consort the palace of Linlithgow and the castle of Doune as jointure lands,and to settle on her a third of the royal revenues in case of her survival. As the king of Denmark was only able to raise two thousand of the stipulated ten thousand florins before she left Copenhagen, he had to pledge the Shetlands for the remainder; and being also unable to advance any more of the stipulated dowry, both the Orkney and Shetland groups ultimately became the possession of the Scottish crown. The marriage took place in July 1469, the princess being then only about thirteen years of age (Record of her Maundy Alms, A.D. 1474, when she was in her seventeenth year, in Acounts of the Lord High Treasurer, p. 71). In the summer of the following year she journeyed with the king as far north as Inverness. After the birth of an heir to the throne in 1472, she made a pilgrimage to the shrine of St. Ninian at Witherne in Galloway (ib. pp. 29, 44; Exchequer Rolls, viii. 213, 239). She died at Stirling on 14 July 1486 (Observance of day of obit, Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer, pp. 89, 345), and was buried in Cambuskenneth Abbey. In 1487 Pope Innocent VIII appointed a commission to inquire into her virtues and miracles, with a view to her canonisation.
[Exchequer Rolls of Scotland, vols. vii. and viii.; Accounts of the Lord High Treasurer; Histories of Leslie, Lindsay, and Buchanan: see art. James III of Scotland.]
MARGARET, Duchess of Burgundy (1446–1503), was the third daughter of Richard, duke of York, by Cecily Nevill, daughter of Ralph, first earl of Westmorland. Edward IV was her brother. She was born at Fotheringay Castle in Northamptonshire Tuesday, 3 Mar 1446. She was over fourteen when her father was killed at Wakefield, and nearly fifteen when her brother Edward was proclaimed king. On 30 March 1465 Edward granted her an annuity of four hundred marks out of the exchequer, which being in arrear in the following November a warrant was issued for its full payment (Rymer, 1st
