man he was devoted to the turf, and many of his practical jokes at race meetings were long recounted in Scotland. He had been one of the most dissipated and extravagant, even of the Scottish gentry of his younger days, and survived them, thanks to a constitution of extraordinary strength and a fortune of vast resources. He preserved late into this century the habits and passions—scandalous and unconcealed—which had, except in his case, passed away with the last. He was devoted to his friends so long as they remained complaisant, and violent and implacable to all who thwarted him. His uncontrollable temper alienated him from nearly all his family in his latter years, yet he performed many unostentatious acts of charity. In politics he was a liberal, and his views were invariably humane; in private life he was an immovable despot. He died at Brechin Castle, Forfarshire, 13 April 1852. He married, on 1 Dec. 1794, Patricia Heron (d. 11 May 1821), daughter of Gilbert Gordon of Halleaths, by whom he had three sons and seven daughters. The eldest son and heir, Fox Maule, became eleventh earl of Dalhousie [see Maule, Fox]. Panmure's second wife, whom he married in 1822, was Miss Elizabeth Barton, by whom he had no issue.
[Douglas's Peerage of Scotland; Gent. Mag. 1852, i. 515; Daily News, 16 April 1852; Annual Register, 1852; Sir C. E. Adam's Political State of Scotland in the Eighteenth Cent. p. 147; Times, 16 April 1852.]
MAULEVERER, Sir THOMAS (d. 1655), regicide, was son of Sir Richard Mauleverer, knt., of Allerton Mauleverer, Yorkshire, by his second wife, Katharine, daughter of Sir Ralph Bourchier, knt. (Thoresby, Ducatus Leodiensis, ed. Whitaker, pp. 118, 190). He was admitted of Gray's Inn on 22 Oct. 1617, and during the Long parliament sat for Boroughbridge, Yorkshire. Though he signed the petition of the Yorkshire gentry (28 July 1640) against the oppressive billeting of soldiers (Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1640, p. 523), Charles, hoping to gain his interest in the county, which was considerable, made him a baronet on 2 Aug. 1641. Mauleverer, however, preferred to take sides with the parliament, for whose service he raised two regiments of foot and a troop of horse (Commons' Journals, iii. 68). His conduct, always brutal and vindictive, was on one occasion brought before the notice of the house (ib. iii. 125; Lords' Journals, vi. 54). In 1643 he fought under Fairfax at the battle of Atherton Moor, and just escaped being made prisoner (Life of Duke of Newcastle, by the Duchess, ed. Firth, p. 376). Having represented to the parliament that he had expended in their behalf some 15,000l., it was resolved in October 1647 to allow him 1,000l. out of the excise in part satisfaction of his arrears, while a committee was appointed to consider how the remainder might be paid (Commons' Journals, v. 323, 330, 362, 374). Upon being placed on the commission to try the king he attended every day, and signed the warrant. He was also a committee man for the East Riding of Yorkshire. Mauleverer died about June 1655 (Administration Act Book, P. C. C. 1655, f. 126). He married, first, Mary, daughter of Sir Richard Hutton [q. v.], justice of the common pleas, by whom he had no issue; and secondly, Elizabeth (d. 1653), daughter of Thomas Wilbraham, of Woodhey, Cheshire, by whom he had a son, Richard, and two daughters, Grace (1622–1646), married in 1644 to Colonel Thomas Scot, M.P., the regicide, and Elizabeth, wife of Richard Beverley. In 1654 he engaged himself to Susanna Raylton, a widow of Fulham, but the marriage does not appear to have taken place. Though dead, he was ordered at the Restoration to be excepted out of the bill of pardon as to pains and penalties (Commons' Journals, viii. 61).
His son, Richard Mauleverer (1623?–1675), royalist, born about 1623, was admitted of Gray's Inn on 12 July 1641 (Harl. MS. 1912, f. 128), and on the king's coronation day, 27 March 1645, was knighted in Christ Church, Oxford (Symonds, Diary, Camden Soc., p. 162). In 1649 he was fined 3,287l. 13s. 4d. for being in arms against the parliament in both wars, and in 1650 the estate settled on him by his father was ordered to be sequestered (Cal. of Committee for Compounding, pt. iii. p. 2030). In 1654 he was declared to be an outlaw. He was out in Lord Wilmot's rising in 1655 (Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1655, passim), was taken prisoner, and confined at Chester, whence he escaped in the most daring fashion on 26 March (Thurloe, State Papers, iii. 304), and reached the Hague in June (Nicholas Papers, Camden Soc., vol. ii.) His wife was allowed by Cromwell to occupy the house at Allerton Mauleverer, but the commissioners for Yorkshire had to complain of her activity on the king's side (Thurloe, v. 185). Mauleverer returned to London in 1659, and was forthwith committed to prison, but was liberated on giving security in September (Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1659–60, pp. 44, 179), and was one of the first who flocked to the king at Breda before the restoration (Pepys, Diary, 3rd ed. i. 60). Charles confirmed him in his titles and estates, and in April 1660 ap-
