Sikhs. On the march, near Jelum, his left hand was seriously injured by a pistol in his holster, which accidentally went off as he was mounting his horse. The accident obliged him to give up his divisional command, and on the arrival of the confirmation of his appointment as adjutant-general he went to Simla in March 1849 to take up his duties.
In the winter of 1849-50 Mountain accompanied Sir Charles Napier, the commander-in-chief, to Peshawur. In November 1850 he met Sir William Gomm, the new commander-in-chief, at Agra, and although Mountain had been ailing since he had recovered from an attack of cholera he was able to go into camp with Gomm. During the summer of 1852 Mountain's health was bad. In November he again went into camp with the commander-in-chief, but at the end of January, after leaving Cawnpore, he became very ill and died at Futtyghur after a few days' illness, attended by his wife, on 8 Feb. 1854, in a house belonging to the Maharajah Duleep Singh, who, with the commander-in-chief, the headquarters' staff, and all the troops, attended the funeral. A monument to his memory was erected by the commander-in-chief and the headquarters' staff in the cemetery at Futtyghur. A memorial brass tablet was placed by his widow in Simla Church, and a memorial window in a church in Quebec.
Mountain was twice married—first, in June 1837, to Jane O'Beirne (d. 1838), granddaughter of the Bishop of Meath; secondly, in February 1845, to Charlotte Anna, eldest daughter of Colonel T. Dundas of Fingask, who survived him and married Sir John Henry Lefroy [q. v.] A coloured crayon, done in India in 1853, is in the possession of Lady Lefroy.
[War Office Records; Memoirs and Letters of the late Colonel Armine S. H. Mountain, C.B., edited by Mrs. A. S. H. Mountain, 8vo, London, 1887; Despatches.]
MOUNTAIN, DIDYMUS, alleged writer on gardening, was the pseudonym under which was published in 1577 a valuable treatise on ornamental gardening by Thomas Hill (fl. 1590) [q. v.l The work assigned to the pseudonymous Mountain was entitled 'The Gardener's Labyrinth. Containing a Discourse of the Gardener's Life in the yearly Travels to be bestowed on his Plot of Earth, for the Use of a Garden; with Instructions for the choise of Seedes, apt Times for Sowing, Setting, Planting, and Watering, and Vessels and Instruments serving to that Use and Purpose: wherein are set forth divers Herbes, Knots, and Mazes, cunningly handled for the beautifying of Gardens; also the Physicke Benefit of each Herb, Plant, and Flowre, with the Vertues of the distilled Waters of every of them, as by the Sequel may further appeare, gathered out of the best approved Writers of Gardening, Husbandrie, and Pyisicke, by Didymus Mountain,' London, by Henry Bynneman, 1577, 4to (in 2 parts). A dedication addressed to Lord Burghley is signed by Henry Dethicke, who states there that t he author had recently died. Edmund Southerne, in his 'Treatise concerning the right use and ordering of Bees,' 1593 (B.,), describes the book as the work of Thomas Hill. Woodcut illustrations of much practical interest diversify the text. On p. 53 appears a curious plate, entitled 'Maner of watering with a pumpe in a tubbe.' Other editions are dated 1578, 1586 (by John Wolfe), 1594 (by Adam Islip), 1608 (by Henry Ballard), 1652, and 1656.
Hill had already published in 1567 ' The Profitable Art of Gardening;' 'The Gardener's Labyrinth,'although different in plan, deals in greater detail with some of the topics already discussed in the earlier treatise.
[Brit. Mus. Addit. MS. 24490, p. 410; Samuel Felton's Gardeners' Portraits; Brydges's Restituta, i. 129; Notes and Queries, 2nd ser. xii. 85; Brit. Mus. Cat.; and see art. Hill, Thomas.]
MOUNTAIN, GEORGE JEHOSAPHAT (1789–1863), protestant bishop of Quebec, second son of Jacob Mountain [q. v.], was born in Norwich on 27 July 1789, and was brought up in Quebec. Returning to England at the age of sixteen, he studied under private tutors until he matriculated from Trinity College, Cambridge, graduating B.A. in 1810, and D.D. in 1819. He removed again to Canada in 1811, and, becoming secretary to his father, was ordained deacon in 1812 and priest in 1816, at the same time being appointed evening lecturer in Quebec Cathedral. He was rector of Fredericton, New Brunswick, from 1814 to 1817, when he returned to Quebec as rector of that parish and bishop's official. In 1821 he became archdeacon of Lower Canada. On 14 Feb. 1836 he was consecrated, at Lambeth, bishop of Montreal, as coadjutor to Dr. Charles James Stewart, bishop of Quebec. Dr. Stewart shortly afterwards proceeded to England, and the charge of the entire diocese was under Mountain's care until 1839, when Upper Canada was made a separate see. It was through his earnest exertions that Rupert's Land was also, in 1849, erected into an episcopal see. He
