lij yeres,’ and what merchants had introduced ‘Englisshe bokes of ill matter’ (ib. pp. 117, 125). Between 1536 and 1554 about thirty-nine books bear his name as printer or publisher, among them being several law-books.
[Ames's Typogr. Antiq. (Dibdin), iii. 507–16; Arber's Transcript of the Stationers' Registers, i. 394, vol. v. p. cii; Dickinson's List of Service Books, 1850; Catalogue of Books in British Museum to 1640; Hazlitt's Handbook and Collections, 1867–89; Hansard's Typographia, 1825, p. 118.]
PETIT, WILLIAM (d. 1213), justiciar of Ireland, was a follower of Hugh de Lacy, first lord of Meath (d. 1186) [q. v.], and probably went over to Ireland with him in 1171. He received from him Castlebrack in the present Queen's County, and Rathkenny, co. Meath. In 1191 he served as justiciar of Ireland. He again appears as co-justice with Peter Pipard in a charter granted between 1194 and 1200 to St. Mary's Abbey, Dublin. He was a witness to two charters to the same abbey, which can be dated 1205 and 1203–7, and to other charters of less precise date granted to St. Mary's and to St. Thomas's Abbey, Dublin. On 26 March 1204 he was appointed, with three others, to hear the complaint of Meiler FitzHenry [q. v.], justiciar of Ireland, against William de Burgh (Patent Rolls, p. 39). On 20 March 1208 he was sent by John with messages to the justiciar of Ireland (Close Rolls, i. 106 b). On 28 June 1210 Petit appeared at Dublin, with others, as a messenger from Walter de Lacy, second lord of Meath [q. v.], praying the king to relax his ire and suffer Walter to approach his presence (Calendar of Documents relating to Ireland, i. 402). In 1212 he and other Irish barons supported John against Innocent III (ib. p. 448). He died in 1213. He granted to St. Mary's Abbey, Dublin, certain lands at Machergalin, near the abbey of Kilsenecan. His son was taken by King John as a hostage for Richard de Faipo. His widow in February 1215 offered 100 marks for liberty to remarry as she pleased, and for the replacement of her son as hostage by the son of Richard de Faipo himself (Close Rolls, ii. 86).
[Close and Patent Rolls, and Calendar of Documents relating to Ireland, vol. i., as quoted above; Munimenta Hibernica (Record Comm.) iii. 56; Francisque Michel, Anglo-Norman Poem on the Conquest of Ireland, pp. 148–9; Annals of Ireland in Cartulary of St. Mary's Abbey, ii. 312; the same cartulary, i. 30, 69, 143, 144 et passim, Register of St. Thomas's Abbey, pp. 9, 12, 34, 38, 48, 253, 254, 255 (both in the Rolls Ser.); Gilbert's Hist. of the Viceroys of Ireland, p. 55.]
PETIT, PETYT, or PARVUS, WILLIAM (1136–1208), author. [See William of Newburgh.]
PETIVER, JAMES (1663–1718), botanist and entomologist, son of James and Mary Petiver, born at Hillmorton, near Rugby, Warwickshire, in 1663 (cf. Sloane MSS. 2360, f. 5 b), was, from 1676, educated at Rugby free school (Rugby School Reg. p. 1) ‘under the patronage of a kind grandfather, Mr. Richard Elborowe’ (Sloane MS. 3339, f. 10), and was apprenticed, not later than 1683, to Mr. Feltham, apothecary to St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London. He became an intimate correspondent of John Ray [q. v.], and his assistance is acknowledged in the prefaces to the second volume of Ray's ‘Historia Plantarum’ (1688) and to his ‘Synopsis Stirpium’ (1690). By 1692 he was practising as an apothecary ‘at the White Cross, near Long Lane in Aldersgate Street,’ and in the same street, if not in the same house, he resided for the rest of his life. In 1695, when he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society, he wrote the list of Middlesex plants for Gibson's edition of Camden's ‘Britannia’ (pp. 335–40, and Sloane MS. 3332, f. 129), all the other county lists being contributed by Ray. Petiver became apothecary to the Charterhouse, and seems to have had a good practice, though not one of a high order, since he advertised various quack nostrums.
He corresponded with naturalists in all parts of the world, and formed a large miscellaneous museum. Though in 1696 he seems to have been mainly devoted to entomology, and his business prevented him from often leaving London, he made frequent botanising expeditions round Hampstead with his friends Samuel Doody and Adam Buddle [q. v.], and by 1697 had altogether between five and six thousand plants (ib. 3333, f. 255). In 1699 he visited John Ray at Black Notley in Essex, and in 1704 contributed lists of Asiatic and African plants to the third volume of his ‘Historia Plantarum.’ In 1707 his uncle Richard Elborowe died, bequeathing 7,000l. to him, but he seems never to have obtained the money from his half-brother, Elborowe Glentworth, the sole executor (ib. 3330 f. 937, 3331 f. 608, 3335 f. 9). From 1709, if not earlier, Petiver acted as demonstrator of plants to the Society of Apothecaries (Field, Memoirs of the Botanick Garden at Chelsea, p. 25). In 1711 he went to Leyden, mainly to purchase Dr. Hermann's museum for Sloane (Sloane MSS. 3337 f. 160, 3338 f. 28, 4055 f. 155). In the autumn of 1712 he made ‘a trip to the Bath and Bristow,’ and in 1715
