perception that a ‘scheme of distribution’ was necessary, and ‘tacked his own scheme (very different from theirs) on to his already existing theory of prices’ (Lectures, p. xxxi). Other monographs upon Smith's relations to other writers are Oncken's ‘A. Smith and Immanuel Kant’ (1877), Feilbogen's ‘Smith and Turgot’ (1893), and Skarzynski's ‘Adam Smith als Moralphilosoph und Schöpfer der Nationalökonomie.’ Many other references are given in Cossa's ‘Introduction to the Study of Political Economy’ (English, 1893), and a full bibliography, by Mr. J. P. Anderson, is in the appendix to Mr. Haldane's ‘Adam Smith.’
Smith's works are:
- Articles upon Johnson's Dictionary, and the general state of literature of Europe, in Nos. 1 and 2 (all published) of the (old) ‘Edinburgh Review,’ 1755; the review was reprinted in 1818.
- ‘The Theory of Moral Sentiments,’ 1759; to the second edition (1761) was added a ‘Dissertation on the Origin of Languages;’ a sixth edition, ‘with considerable additions and corrections,’ appeared in 1790; a French translation was published in 1764, and one (by Blavet) in 1774.
- ‘An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations,’ 1776, 2 vols. 4to; the 2nd (1778) is unaltered; the 3rd (1784), in 3 vols. 8vo, has ‘additions and corrections,’ which were separately printed in the same year; the 4th and 5th, reproductions of the 3rd, appeared in 1786 and 1789; and a 9th in 1799. A French translation by Blavet was published in 1781, after appearing in the ‘Journal de l'Agriculture’ (1779–80); a second, by Roucher and the Marquise de Condorcet, in 1790; and a third, by Garnier, in 1802 (republished in 1843 with commentaries). A Danish translation by Dräbye was published in 1779–80; a German, by J. F. Schuler, in 1776–8; and one by Garve by the end of the century. The Italian translation was published in 1780; a Spanish translation in 1792, though it had been previously suppressed in Spain by the inquisition; and a Dutch translation in 1796. An edition by W. Playfair, in 3 vols. 8vo, appeared in 1805; by D. Buchanan, 4 vols. 8vo, appeared in 1814. One by J. R. M'Culloch, in 4 vols. (1828), went through four editions, and was republished in 1 vol. in 1863); one (by E. G. Wakefield), appeared, in 4 vols. in 1839, one by Thorold Rogers, in 2 vols., in 1869; and one by J. T. Nicholson in 1884.
- ‘Essays on Philosophical Subjects’ (with Dugald Stewart's ‘Life’ prefixed), 1795, published by his executors. The first three are upon ‘the principles which lead and direct philosophical inquiries,’ as illustrated by the history of ‘Astronomy,’ of ‘Ancient Physics,’ and of ‘Ancient Logic and Metaphysics.’ The others are upon the ‘Nature of that Imitation which takes place in what are called the Imitative Arts;’ upon the ‘Affinity between Music, Dancing, and Poetry;’ upon the ‘Affinity between certain English and Italian verses,’ and ‘Of the External Senses.’
- ‘Lectures on Justice, Police, Revenue, and Arms … by Adam Smith … reported by a Student in 1793,’ edited by Edwin Cannan, 1896.
The ‘Collected Works’ were published in 1811–12, 5 vols. 8vo.
[The Life of Adam Smith, by Mr. John Rae, 1895, is an admirable and exhaustive account of all the known facts. Mr. Rae has examined the records and papers belonging to the universities of Glasgow and Edinburgh and the Royal Society of Edinburgh. He has also examined manuscript sources of information in various places, and has collected all references in print. The chief original authority is the Life by Dugald Stewart, read to the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1793, prefixed to various editions of Smith's Works and in Stewart's Works, vol. x.; the Life in W. Smellie's Literary and Characteristical Lives (1800, pp. 211–97) is trifling; a later Life (by W. Playfair), before his edition of the Wealth of Nations in 1806, adds little; Lives, by J. R. M'Culloch and Thorold Rogers, preface their editions. See also Brougham's Philosophers of the Time of George III, pp. 166–289; Rogers's Historical Gleanings, 1869, pp. 95–137; McCosh's Scottish Philosophy, 1875, pp. 162–73; Life by Mr. R. B. Haldane in Great Writers Series, 1887, and by Mr. F. W. Hirst in English Men of Letters, 1904. Burton's Life of Hume gives interesting information. Anecdotes and references are in A. Carlyle's Autobiography, pp. 277–81; Tytler's Life of Kames, i. 233, 266–71; Dalzel's University of Edinburgh, 1862, i. 21, 42, 63, 84; Sir John Sinclair's Life (i. 36–43), and Correspondence (i. 387–90); Caldwell Papers (Maitland Club, 1854), ii. i. 131, 190; Duncan's Notes and Documents (Maitland Club), pp. 16, 25, 132; Strang's Glasgow and its Clubs, 1857, pp. 17, 21, 28; Clayden's Early Life of Samuel Rogers, pp. 92, 110, 167; Windham's Diary, pp. 59, 63; Archdeacon Sinclair's Old Times and Distant Places, pp. 9, &c.; Walter Scott's Miscell. Works, 1834, xix. 339–42 (review of John Home); Thomson's Life of Cullen, 1859, i. 71, 273; Faujas St. Fond's ‘Voyage … en Écosse …,’ 1797, ii. 277, &c.; Morellet's Mémoires, 1821, i. 136–8; Notes and Queries, 9th ser. i. 322. J. A. Farrer's Adam Smith (1881), in the English Philosopher Series, is an account of the Moral Sentiments.]
SMITH, ALBERT RICHARD (1816–1860), author and lecturer, son of Richard Smith, surgeon, who died on 12 Feb. 1857, aged 78, was born at Chertsey, Surrey, on
