obliged to fall back after the death of its two commanders, Carleton and Gore. In the course of this operation it came across the second column under Major-general Cooke, and together they made a stand for the night. When the day dawned it should have been possible to take Bergen-op-Zoom; but, instead of support, came an order to retire. The master-general of the board of ordnance conveyed to Sperling ‘a particular approbation of the gallantry and ability shown by him while attached to the advanced party which entered the fortress.’
On 23 March Sperling was appointed adjutant and quartermaster of the sappers and miners, and he accordingly joined headquarters at Calmthout. But on 11 April news arrived of the entrance of the allies into Paris, and of the change of government, upon which hostilities at once ceased.
Sperling moved with army headquarters to St. Graven Wesel on 18 April, and during May was employed in preparations for taking possession of the fortresses assigned to British occupation by the convention. He also visited all the Scheldt defences. As soon as Antwerp was handed over, British headquarters were moved thither. On 7 June Sperling was sent to London to lay before the board of ordnance plans and reports of the fortresses. He returned to Antwerp on 8 July. In August he made a survey and plan of Liège citadel for Lord Lynedoch, who was vacating the command, the Prince of Orange succeeding him. On 10 Sept. he removed with headquarters to Brussels, and in October reconnoitred ground which the Prince of Orange considered a good position for an army in advance of Brussels.
When the news of Napoleon's escape from Elba arrived (9 March 1815), Sperling's work became very heavy. In April he visited Ghent in regard to the defence works for the permanent bridge over the Scheldt. On the 21st and 22nd of this month he dined with Wellington, who, after a tour of inspection of the fortresses, expressed himself well satisfied with Sperling's preparations. On 1 May Sperling reported on the bridge of boats constructed at Boom, and then accompanied Colonel Carmichael Smyth on a tour of inspection of the works at Ghent, Oudenarde, Tournay, the pontoon bridge over the Scheldt at Escanaffles, with its tête-de-pont at Ath. A sketch which he made of the position at Hal for defence against an invading army was laid before Wellington on the 17th, who at once sent him to Antwerp to meet Sir David Dundas [q. v.] and conduct him over Bergen-op-Zoom.
On 15 June the French crossed the frontier, and on the 16th all the troops in Brussels were in motion. Sperling joined Colonel Carmichael Smyth on the 17th, and found the British army falling back after the battle of Quatre Bras. Next day Sperling and Carmichael Smyth accompanied the duke during the early part of the battle of Waterloo, and after, owing to the various evolutions, they separated from Wellington, they remained until the great engagement ended, for the most part on the hill near the artillery, occasionally taking refuge in the infantry squares.
On 19 June Sperling returned with Smyth to Brussels, and arrived on the 24th at Le Cateau. He then moved with headquarters towards Paris. On 2 July he visited Argenteuil, Bezons, and Carrières, to report on their comparative eligibility for bridging the Seine. Argenteuil was selected, and the bridge was in progress the following day. On 7 July Sperling entered Paris with the headquarters staff. He remained in Paris until 27 Jan. 1816, when he was moved to Cambrai.
Sperling returned to England in November 1818, and retired on permanent half-pay on 24 Jan. 1824. He resided first at Great Doods, near Reigate, Surrey, and afterwards in a house which he built for himself in Palace Gardens, Kensington, London. He died at Kensington on 13 Feb. 1877.
Sperling married, on 12 March 1819, Harriet Hanson, by whom he had an only son, John (1825–1894).
Sperling was the author of ‘Letters of an Officer of the Corps of Royal Engineers, from the British Army in Holland, Belgium, and France, to his Father, from the latter end of 1813 to 1816,’ 12mo, London, 1872. These pleasantly written letters contain a detailed diary of his life during an interesting period.
[War Office Records; Despatches; Royal Engineers' Records; private sources; his published letters; Jackson's Woolwich Journal, April 1877; Record, 1877; Royal Engineers' Journal, 1877; Carmichael Smyth's Chronological Epitome of the Wars in the Low Countries, 1825; Burke's Landed Gentry; Porter's Hist. of the Corps of the Royal Engineers.]
SPICER, HENRY (1743?–1804), miniature-painter, was born at Reepham, Norfolk, about 1743, and became a pupil of Gervase Spencer [q. v.] He worked both on ivory and in enamel, and was one of the ablest miniaturists of the period. He was a member of the Incorporated Society of Artists, and exhibited with them from 1765 to 1783; in 1773 he was secretary to the society. He exhibited for the first time at the Royal Academy in 1774, and about
