widely used, and have done more to influence the modern use in England of German hymns than any other version. The translations are always faithful, and at the same time poetical.
Baron Bunsen suggested that the German hymn-tunes should be given, and in 1862 appeared ‘The Chorale Book for England,’ with music arranged by (Sir) William Sterndale Bennett [q. v.] and Otto Goldschmidt. A supplement to the ‘Chorale Book’ was published in 1865.
In consequence of pecuniary losses the Winkworths in 1862 removed to Clifton, where Catherine, in addition to literary work, threw herself heart and soul into the movement for the promotion of the higher education of women. She joined the committee formed for that object in 1868, and in 1870 became its secretary. Her main business was to find suitable lecturers, and here she had eminent success. Among those who gave discourses during her term of office were J. A. Symonds, Professor Nichol, F. W. Myers, Dr. Creighton, and Professor Bonamy Price. Classes were established to aid women who were preparing for the Cambridge higher local examination, and they had likewise a great success. The association took a large part in assisting the establishment of Bristol University College, and at Catherine Winkworth's death her friends raised a sum with which they founded in her memory two scholarships for women at the college. She was likewise governor of the Red Maids' school, Bristol, one of the promoters of the Clifton High school for girls, and from 1875 until her death a member of the council of Cheltenham Ladies' College. On 15 May 1869 her father died. In 1872 she went with her sister Susanna to Darmstadt, accompanying Miss Carpenter and Miss Florence Hill as delegates to the German conference on women's work, presided over by the Princess Alice.
Miss Winkworth died suddenly of heart disease on 1 July 1878 at Monnetier (near Geneva) in Savoy, whither she had gone to take charge of an invalid nephew. She was buried there. A monument to her memory was erected in Bristol Cathedral.
Other works by Catherine Winkworth are:
- ‘Life of Amelia Wilhelmina Sieveking from the German’ (the first half was translated by Miss Winkworth, who revised the whole; the second by a lady unnamed), 1863.
- ‘The Principles of Charitable Work as set forth in the Writings of A. W. Sieveking,’ 1863.
- ‘The Christian Singers of Germany,’ 1866; 1869.
- ‘Life of Pastor Fliedner, the Founder of the Kaiserswerth Sisterhood of Protestant Deaconesses, translated from the German,’ 1867.
- ‘Prayers from the Collection of Baron Bunsen,’ 1871.
Her eldest sister, Susanna Winkworth (1820–1884), translator, was born in London on 13 Aug. 1820, and received much the same education as her sister Catherine. About 1850 Susanna told Mrs. Gaskell that she would like to translate the life of Niebuhr. Mrs. Gaskell mentioned this to Bunsen, who encouraged the idea. A meeting with Bunsen followed at Bonn, where Susanna stayed from August 1850 until May 1851. The acquaintance so begun influenced the literary work of both Susanna and Catherine. At one time indeed Susanna worked as a sort of literary secretary to Bunsen. Regarding the biography of Niebuhr, it was at first intended merely to translate Mme. Hensler's memoir, and to incorporate from her collection of his letters and essays those that seemed suitable. But so much fresh information was gained at Bonn that Susanna's book is, to all intents and purposes, an original work. It was refused by Longman and Murray, but was finally published in 1852 by Chapman & Hall in three volumes. The first edition sold rapidly. The second edition, published in 1853, incorporates the miscellaneous essays. In 1854 Susanna published her translation of the ‘Theologia Germanica,’ which takes its place beside the ‘Imitation’ in the literature of devotion. The treatise had been first discovered by Luther, and was published by him in 1516. The translation was made at the suggestion of Bunsen, whose letter to the translator is prefixed to the volume (cf. Bunsen, Memoir, ii. 342–6). Charles Kingsley provided a preface (cf. Kingsley, Letters and Memories, i. 423–7), and he wrote in 1856, ‘Your “Theologia” is being valued by every one to whom I have recommended it’ (ib. i. 498). A third edition appeared in 1859, and it has been since republished. In 1855 Miss Winkworth completed the ‘Life of Luther’ commenced by Archdeacon Hare. The volume really consists of explanatory matter to Gustav Koenig's historical engravings. All following section xiv. is Miss Winkworth's work. There was a second edition in 1858. In 1856 Miss Winkworth translated Bunsen's ‘Signs of the Times,’ and received 150l. for the work. Again, at Bunsen's suggestion she translated in 1857 Tauler's ‘Sermons.’ Bunsen wrote on 14 Sept. 1859 that Miss Winkworth sacrificed her health in her labours over Tauler. ‘Her historical treatment of the subject (he said) is admirable; she had, one may say, as good as no
