SPANISH-ENGLISH
phatic future: Mañana le escribo. "I'll write him tomorrow." b) when immediate future time is involved: ¿Vamos ahora? "Shall we go now?" c) for the perfect conditional in contrary-to-fact conditions: Si dice algo en aquel momento, le pego. "I'd have hit him if he'd said something at that moment." d) for the simple past in historical narrative: Por poco le cojo. "I almost caught him." The forms of the present are:
| 1. | sg | "I" | canto | aprendo | vivo | veo |
| 2. | sg | "you" (Fam) | cantas | aprendes | vives | ves |
| 3. | sg | "you, he, she, it" | canta | aprende | vive | ve |
| 1. | Pl | "we" | cantamos | aprendemos | vivimos | vemos |
| 2. | Pl | "you" (Fam) | cantáis | aprendéis | vivís | veis |
| 3. | pl | "you, they" | cantan | aprenden | viven | ven |
2.Imperfect tense.This tense refers to past action that was going on at the same time as some other action ("I was singing") or that was habitual ("I used to sing").
| 1. | sg | cantaba | aprendía | vivía | veía |
| 2. | sg | cantabas | aprendías | vivías | veías |
| 3. | sg | cantaba | aprendía | vivía | veía |
| 1. | Pl | cantábamos | aprendíamos | vivíamos | veíamos |
| 2. | Pl | cantábais | aprendíais | vivíais | veíais |
| 3. | Pl | cantaban | aprendían | vivían | veían |
3.Present subjunctive.This tense is used either to express a command (in the first person plural, or third person singular or plural) or in certain types of dependent clauses (see §§3.5-3.52).
| 1. | sg | cante | aprenda | viva | vea |
| 2. | sg | cantes | aprendas | vivas | veas |
| 3. | sg | cante | aprenda | viva | vea |
| 1. | pl | cantemos | aprendamos | vivamos | veamos |
| 2. | pl | cantéis | aprendáis | viváis | veáis |
| 3. | pl | canten | aprendan | vivan | vean |
4.Imperative.This tense is used to give commands; it has only the second person singular and plural forms.
| 2. | sg | canta | aprende | vive | ve |
| 2. | pl | cantad | aprended | vivid | ved |
5.Future.This tense refers to action in future time ("I'll sing") or probability.
| 1. | sg | cantaré | aprenderé | viviré | veré |
| 2. | sg | cantarás | aprenderás | vivirás | verás |
| 3. | sg | cantará | aprenderá | vivirá | verá |
| 1. | pl | cantaremos | aprenderemos | viviremos | veremos |
| 2. | pl | cantaréis | aprenderéis | viviréis | veréis |
| 3. | pl | cantarán | aprenderán | vivirán | verán |
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