Opinion of the Court
II
A
The jurisdiction of the Courts of Appeals under 28 U. S. C. §1291 is limited to “appeals from … final decisions of the district courts.” Interlocutory orders—those that do not dispose of the whole case, like denials of summary judgment—are typically not immediately appealable under §1291.[1] Instead, the “general rule is that ‘a party is entitled to a single appeal, to be deferred until final judgment has been entered, in which claims of district court error at any stage of the litigation may be ventilated.’ ” Quackenbush v. Allstate Ins. Co., 517 U. S. 706, 712 (1996); see also 15A C. Wright, A. Miller, & E. Cooper, Federal Practice and Procedure §3905.1 (3d ed. 2022) (generally, “an appeal from final judgment opens the record and permits review of all rulings that led up to the judgment”).
Some interlocutory district-court rulings, however, are unreviewable after final judgment because they are over-
- ↑ The collateral-order doctrine recognizes exceptions to this rule. For instance, an interlocutory order denying qualified immunity is sometimes immediately appealable. Mitchell v. Forsyth, 472 U. S. 511, 530 (1985).
C. Pollara Group, LLC v. Ocean View Inv. Holding, LLC, 784 F. 3d 177, 187 (CA3 2015) (same); In re AmTrust Financial Corp., 694 F. 3d 741, 750–751 (CA6 2012) (same); Chemetall GMBH v. ZR Energy, Inc., 320 F. 3d 714, 719–720 (CA7 2003) (same); Banuelos v. Construction Laborers’ Trust Funds for Southern Cal., 382 F. 3d 897, 902–903 (CA9 2004) (same); Wolfgang v. Mid-America Motorsports, Inc., 111 F. 3d 1515, 1521 (CA10 1997) (same); Feld v. Feld, 688 F. 3d 779, 783 (CADC 2012) (same), with Ji v. Bose Corp., 626 F. 3d 116, 127–128 (CA1 2010) (post-trial motion required to preserve claims of pure legal error); Varghese v. Honeywell Int’l, Inc., 424 F. 3d 411, 422–423 (CA4 2005) (same); Feld Motor Sports, Inc. v. Traxxas, L. P., 861 F. 3d 591, 596 (CA5 2017) (same); American Builders Ins. Co. v. Southern-Owners Ins. Co., 56 F. 4th 938, 950 (CA11 2023) (same); see also New York Marine & Gen. Ins. Co. v. Continental Cement Co., 761 F. 3d 830, 838–839 (CA8 2014) (post-trial motion not required to preserve “preliminary” legal issues).
