the reality is that we have seen for many years a decline in numbers of people actually concerned in those Blood and Honour events, the kind of music festival scene that was inspiring or inciting some hatred but not necessarily a kind of ideological cause.[1]
27. The 1990s also saw the emergence of Extreme Right-Wing Terrorism (ERWT). In 1999, David Copeland targeted black, Asian and LGBT people in Brixton, Brick Lane and Soho in a series of nail bombings.
David Copeland's bombing campaign
Between 17 and 30 April 1999, over three consecutive weekends, David Copeland, a 22-year-old neo-Nazi, was responsible for a series of nail bomb explosions in London. Copeland was a former member of the BNP and the National Socialist Movement, and claimed to take his inspiration from C18.
17 April—Copeland left a timed device comprising four-inch nails detonated by fireworks in Electric Avenue, Brixton, targeting the largely black community there.
24 April—A similar device was detonated in London's Brick Lane injuring several Muslims who were gathering outside a mosque for prayers.
30 April—A device exploded outside the Admiral Duncan public house in Soho, in the heart of London's LGBT community.
Copeland's bombing campaign killed three people, and injured 140 others. In 2000, Copeland was convicted of murder and given six consecutive life sentences.[2]
28. National Action emerged online in late 2013 as a youth-orientated White Supremacist group following a National Socialist ideology. ***.[3] National Action targeted its recruitment at university campuses, aiming for a different profile of recruit than that associated with traditional White Supremacist groups. It also actively attempted to recruit military personnel. CTP advises:
National Action also ran several training camps in the UK, which focused on fitness, self-defence, propaganda and advice on how members could prepare for a race war. National Action also had a number of 'key associations' [i.e. links] globally. These were directly related to Right Wing Extremist activity and extended beyond online contact, involving travel and direct contact. In Europe, National Action held 'associations' with 12 countries, which included joint activity with other Right Wing Extremist groups, the hosting of training camps, and attendance at Far Right events. Beyond Europe, National Action were assessed to have associations with the Australian-based Antipodean Resistance, as well as having significant ties to the US-based Atomwaffen Division (AWD): the founding members of National Action and AWD were pictured together in the UK.[4]
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