division includes the Adamello, Presanella, Brenta and Bergamasque
ranges.
Presanella | 11,694 | Pizzo del Diavolo | 9,564 |
Adamello | 11,661 | Rè di Castello | 9,482 |
Carè Alto | 11,369 | Recastello | 9,475 |
Dosson di Genova | 11,254 | Monte Gleno | 9,459 |
Crozzon di Lares | 11,004 | Monte Tornello | 8,819 |
Corno di Baitone | 10,929 | Corno Stella | 8,596 |
Busazza | 10,922 | Monte Legnone | 8,563 |
Lobliia Alta | 10,486 | Pizzo dei Tre Signori | 8,380 |
Cima Tosa (Brenta) | 10,420 | Pizzo di Presolana | 8,239 |
Cima di Brenta | 10,352 | Grigna | 7,907 |
Crozzon di Brenta | 10,247 | Monte Baldo | 7,218 |
Pizzo di Coca (Bergamasque) | 10,014 | Monte Spinale | 7,094 |
Pizzo di Scais | 9,974 | Monte Gazza | 6,529 |
Pizzo di Redorta | 9,964 | Monte Resegone | 6,155 |
Pietra Grande | 9,630 |
Passo di Lares (Lares Glacier to the Lobbia Glacier), snow | 10,483 |
Passo di Cercen (gal di Genova to Fucine), snow | 9,984 |
Passo della Lobbia Alta (Lobbia Glacier to the Mandron (Glacier), snow | 9,961 |
Passo di Presena (Val di Genova to the Tonale Pass), snow | 9,879 |
Pisgana Pass (Val di Genova to Ponte di Legno), snow | 9,626 |
Bocca di Tuckett (Campiglio to Molveno), snow | 8,714 |
Passo di Val Morta or del Diavolo (Val Seriana to Sondrio), foot path | 8,534 |
Bocca di Brenta (Pinzolo or Campiglio to Molveno), snow | 8,376 |
Passo del Grostè (Campiglio to Cles), foot path | 8,006 |
Passo di Veniua (kal Brembana to Sondrio), foot path | 7,983 |
Passo del Salto (Val Seriana to Sondrio), foot path | 7,937 |
Passo del Venerocolo (Val di Scalve to the Aprica road), bridle path | 7,595 |
Passo della Forcellina or di Campo (Cedegolo to the Val di Fomo), foot path | 7,507 |
Passo di Idordona (Val Brembana to Sondrio), foot path | 6,824 |
Passo di San Marco (Bergamo to Morbegno), bridle path | 6,513 |
Croce Domini Pass (Breno to Bagolino in Val Caffaro), bridle path | 6,217 |
Tonale Tass (Trent to Edolo), carriage road | 6,181 |
Passo di Zovetto (Val di Scalve to Edolo), bridle path | 5,968 |
Colle Maniva (Val Trompia to Bagolino), bridle path | 5,476 |
Campo or Ginevriė Pass (Dimaro by Campiglio to Pinzolo), carriage road | 5,407 |
Ciampenjoch (Cles to Meran), foot path | 5,051 |
Mendel Pass (Botzen to Cles), railway on the Eslope | 4,462 |
Passo di Castione or Presolana Pass (Clusone to the Val di Scalve), carriage road |
4,219 |
Aprica Pass (Edolo to Tirano), carriage road | 3,875 |
17. The Dolomites of South Tirol (from the Brenner Pass to the Monte Croce Pass, and south of the Pusterthal).
Marmolata | 10,972 | Pala di San Martino | 9,831 |
Antelao | 10,706 | Rosengartenspitze | 9,781 |
Tofana di Mezzo | 10,633 | Marmarole | 9,715 |
Sorapiss | 10,594 | Cima di Fradusta | 9,649 |
Monte Civetta | 10,564 | Fermedathurm | 9,407 |
Vernel | 10,319 | Cima d’Asta | 9,344 |
Monte Cristallo | 10,496 | Cima di Canali | 9,338 |
Cima di Vezzana | 10,470 | Croda Grande | 9,315 |
Cimon della Pala | 10,453 | Vajoletthurm (highest) | 9,256 |
Langkofel | 10,427 | Sass Maor | 9,239 |
Pelmo | 10,397 | Cima di Ball | 9,131 |
Dreischusterspitze | 10,375 | Cima della Madonna (Sass Maor) | 9,026 |
Boëspitze | 10,342 | Rosetta | 8,993 |
Croda Rossa (Hoher Caisl) | 10,329 | Croda da Lago | 8,911 |
Piz Popena | 10,312 | Central Grasleitenspitze | 8,875 |
Elferkofel | 10,220 | Schlern | 8,406 |
Grohmannspitze | 10,207 | Sasso di Mur | 8,380 |
Zwölferkofel | 10,142 | Cima delle Dodici | 7,671 |
Sass Rigais (Geislerspitzen) | 9,932 | Monte Pavione | 7,664 |
Drei Zinnen | 9,853 | Cima di Posta | 7,333 |
Kesselkogel (Rosengarten) | 9,846 | Monte Pasubio | 7,323 |
Fünffingerspitze | 9,833 |
Passo d’ Ombretta (Campitello to Caprile), foot path | 8,983 |
Langhofeljoch (Gröden Valley to Campirello), foot path | 8,803 |
Tschagerjoch (Karersee to the Vajolet Glen), foot path | 8,675 |
Crasleiten Pass (Vaiolet Glen to thegrasleiten Glen), foot path | 8,521 |
Passo di Pravitale (Rosetta Plateau to the Pravitale Glen), foot path | 8,465 |
Passo delle Comelle (same to Cencenighe), foot path | 8,462 |
Passo della Rosetta (San Martino di Castrozza to the great | |
limestone Rosetta plateau), foot path | 8,442 |
Vajolet Pass (Tiers to the Vajolet Glen), foot path | 8,363 |
Passo di Canali (Primiero to Agordo), foot path | 8,193 |
Tiersalpljöchl (Campitello to Tiers), foot path | 8,055 |
Passo di Ball (San Martino di Castrozza to the Pravitale Glen), footpath | 8,038 |
Forcella di Giralba (Sexte11 to Auronzo), foot path | 7,992 |
Col dei Bos (Falzarego Glen to the Travernanzes Glen), foot path | 7,589 |
Forcella Grande (San Vito to Auronzo), foot path | 7,422 |
Pordoi Pass (Caprile to Campitello), carriage road | 7,382 |
Sellajoch (Gröden Glen to Camphello), bridle path | 7,277 |
Tre Sassi Pass (Cortina to St Cassian), foot path | 7,215 |
Mahlknechtjoch (Upper Duron Glen to the Seiser Alp), foot path | 7,113 |
Grödenerjoch (Gröden Glen to Colfuschg), bridle path | 7,011 |
Falzarego Pass (Caprile to Cortina), small carriage road | 6,946 |
Fedaja Pass (Campitello to Caprile), bridle path | 6,713 |
Passo di Valles (Paneveggio to Cencenighe), foot path | 6,667 |
Rolle Pass (Predazzo to San Martino di Castrozza and | |
Primiero), carriage road | 6,509 |
Forcella Forada (Caprile to San Vito), bridle path | 6,480 |
Passo di San Pellegrino (Moena to Cencenighe), small carriage, path | 6,267 |
Forcella d’Alleghe (Alleghe to the Zoldo Glen), foot path | 5,971 |
Tre Croci Pass (Cortina to Auronzo), carriage road | 5,932 |
Karersee or Caressa Pass (Welschenofen to Vigo di Fassa), carriage road | 5,715 |
Monte Croce Pass (Innichen and Sexten to the Piave Valley and Belluno), carriage road |
5,374 |
Ampezzo Pass (Toblach to Cortina and Belluno), carriage path | 5,066 |
Cereda Pass (Primiero to Agordo), bridle path | 4,501 |
Toblach Pass (Bruneck to Lienz), railway over | 3,967 |
18. South-Eastern Alps (east of the Monte Croce Pass). This division includes three small groups, the Julic, Carnic and Karawankas Alps—each peak and pass being distinguished by one of the initial letters “J,” “C” or “K.”
Terglou or Triglav (J) | 9,400 | Monte Cridola (C) | 8,468 |
Monte Coglians (C) | 9,128 | Grintovc (K) | 8,429 |
Kellerwand (C) | 9,105 | Prestrelenik (J) | 8,202 |
Jof del Montasio (J) | 9,039 | Monte Cavallo (C) | 7,386 |
Cima dei Preti (C) | 8,868 | Krn (J) | 7,369 |
Monte Paralba (C) | 8,829 | Stou (K) | 7,346 |
Manhart (J) | 8,786 | Dobratsch (C) | 7,120 |
Jalouc (J) | 8,711 | Velka Kappa (K) | 5,059 |
Monte Canin (J) | 8,471 |
Oefnerjoch (Forno Avoltri to St Lorenzen in the Gail Valley), foot path (C) | 7,550 |
Wolayer Pass (same to Mauthen), foot path (C) | 6,306 |
Loibl Pass (Klagenfurt to Laibach), carriage road (K) | 4,495 |
Plöcken Pass (Tolmezzo to Mauthen), bridle path (C) | 4,462 |
Predil Pass (Villach by d’arvis and Flitsch to Gorz), carriage road (J) | 3,183 |
Birnbaumerwald (Laibach to Gorz), carriage road (J) | 2,897 |
Saifnitz or Pontebba Pass (Villach by Tarvis and Pontebba to Udine), railway | 2,615 |
7. Political History and Modern State of the Inhabitants of the Alps.—We know practically nothing of the early dwellers in the Alps, save from the scanty accounts preserved to us by Roman and Greek historians and geographers. A few details have come down to us of the conquest of many of the Alpine tribes by Augustus, though not much more than their names. The successive emigrations and occupation of the Alpine region by divers Teutonic tribes from the 5th to the 6th centuries are, too, known to us only in outline, while to them, as to the Frankish kings and emperors, the Alps offered a route from one place to another rather than a permanent residence. It is not till the final break up of the Carolingian empire in the 10th and 11th centuries that it becomes possible to trace out the local history of different parts of the Alps.
In the case of the Western Alps (minus the bit from the chain of Mont Blanc to the Simplon, which followed the fortunes of the Valais), a prolonged struggle for the Alpine region took place between the feudal lords of Savoy, the Dauphiné and Provence. In 1349 the Dauphiné fell to France, while in 1388 the county of Nice passed from Provence to the house of Savoy, which too held Piedmont as well as other lands on the Italian side of the Alps. The struggle henceforth was limited to France and the house of Savoy, but little by little France succeeded in pushing