454
INDIANS, NORTH AMERICAN
[LINGUISTIC STOCKS
Stock. | Area. | Earliest Home. | Tribes, &c. | Population. |
1. Algonkian. | Most of N. and E. North America, between lat. 35° and 55°; centred in the region of the Great Lakes and Hudson's Bay. | N. of the St Lawrence and E. of Lake Ontario (Brinton); N.W. of the Great Lakes (Thomas). | Some 50-60, with many minor groups. | About 90,000, of which some 50,000 in Canada. |
2. Arawakan. | Within the territory of the Calusas in S.W. Florida. | Central South America. | Small colony from Cuba. | Extinct about end of 16th century. |
3. Atakapan. | In part of S.W. Louisiana and N.E. Texas. | Somewhere in E. or N.E. Texas. | 2. | Practically extinct; in 1885 4 individuals living in Louisiana, and 5 in Texas. |
4. Athabaskan. | Interior of Alaska and Canada; W. of Hudson's Bay and N. of the Algonkian; also represented in Oregon, California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and northern Mexico. | Interior of Alaska or N.W. Canada. | Some 50, with numerous minor groups. | About 54,000, of which some 20,000 in Canada. |
5. Beothukan. | Newfoundland. | Some part of Newfoundland or Labrador. | Local settlements only. | Extinct; last representative died in 1829. |
6. Caddoan. | Country between the Arkansas and Colorado rivers in Louisiana, Texas, &c., particularly on the Red River and its affluents; later also in Kansas, Nebraska, Dakota, and Oklahoma. | On the lower Red River, or, perhaps, somewhere to the S.W. | Some 12-15. | About 2000. |
7. Chemakuan. | On the N.W. shore of Puget Sound, Washington; also on Pacific coast, near Cape Flattery. | Some part of N.W. Washington. | 2. | About 200. |
8. Chimarikan. | In N. California, on Trinity river, N.W. of the Copehan. | Somewhere in N. California. | 1. | Practically extinct; in 1903 only 9 individuals reported living. |
9. Chinookan. | On the lower Columbia river, from the Cascades to the Pacific Ocean; on the coast, N. to Shoalwater Bay and S. to Tillamook Head,in Washington and Oregon. | N. of the Columbia, in W. Washington. | Some 10 or 12 with numerous villages. | About 300. |
10. Chitimachan. | Part of S.E. Louisiana. | Region of Grand Lake and river, Louisiana. | 1. | Nearly extinct; in 1881 only 50 individuals surviving. |
11. Chumashan. | In S.W. California, S. of the Salinan and Mariposan; in the basins of the Sta Maria, Sta Inez, lower Sta Clara, &c., on the coast, and the northern Sta. Barbara Islands. | Somewhere in S.W. California. | 7 or more dialects, with many small settlements. | Nearly extinct; only 15-20 individuals still living. |
12. Copehan (Wintun). | In central N. California, W. of the Pujunan; W. of the Coast range, from San Pablo and Suisun Bays N. to Mount Shasta. | Somewhere in N. California. | 2 chief divisions, with many small settlements. | About 130 at various villages, and as many on Round Valley Reservation. |
13. Costanoan. | In the coast region of central California, N. of the Salinan; from about San Francisco S. to Point Sur and Big Panoche Creek, and from the Pacific Ocean to the San Joaquin river. | Somewhere in central California. | No true tribes, but 15-20 settlements. | Nearly extinct; only 25 or 30 individuals still living. |
14. Eskimoan. | Greenland and some of the Arctic islands, the whole northern coast N. of the Alonkian and Athabaskan, from the straits of Belle Isle to the end of the Aleutian Islands; also in extreme N.E. Asia W. to the Anadyr river; in E. North America in earlier times possibly considerably farther south. | Interior of Alaska (Rink); in the region W. of Hudson's Bay (Boas); preferably the latter. | 9 well-marked groups, with 60-70 “settlements,” &c. | About 28,000, of which there are in Greenland 11,000 Alaska 13,000, Canada 4500, and Asia 1200. |
15. Esselenian. | On the coast of W. California, S. of Monterey, N. of the Salinan. | Somewhere in W. or central California. | Many small settlements. | Extinct; last speaker of language died about 1890. |
16. Haidan (Skittagetan). | The Queen Charlotte Islands, off the N.W. coast of British Columbia, and part of the Prince of Wales Archipelago, Alaska. | Interior of Alaska or N.W. Canada. | 2 dialects; about 25 chief “towns,” and many minor settlements. | About 900, of which 300 are in Alaska. |
17. Iroquoian. | The region about Lakes Erie and Ontario (Ontario, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, &c.),and on both banks of the St Lawrence, on the N. to beyond the Saguenay, on the S. to Gaspé; also represented in the S.E. United States by the Tuscarora, Cherokee, &c. (now chiefly in Oklahoma). | Somewhere between the lower St Lawrence and Hubson's Bay (Brinton, Hale); in S. Ohio and Kentucky (Boyle, Thomas). | Some 15 chief tribes with many minor subdivisions. | About 40,000, of which 10,000 are in Canada; of those in the United States 28,000 are Cherokee. |
18. Kalapuyan. | In N.W. Oregon, in the valley of the Willamette, above the Falls. | Somewhere in N.W. Oregon. | About 15-18, with minor divisions. | Only some 140 individuals still living. |
19. Karankawan. | On the Texas coast, from Galveston to Padre Island. | Somewhere in S. Texas. | 5-6, with minor divisions. | Extinct probably in 1858; a few survived later, possibly, in Mexico. |
20. Keresan. | In N. central New Mexico, on the Rio Grande and its tributaries the Jemez, San José, &c. | Somewhere in the New Mexico-Arizona region. | 17 “villages” (pueblos); earlier more. | 3990, in 6 pueblos (some 150 at Isleta). |
21. Kiowan. | On the upper Arkansas and Canadian rivers, in Colorado Kansas, Oklahoma, &c.; formerly on the head-waters of the Platte, and still earlier on the upper Yellowstone and Missouri, in S.W. Montana. | At the foot of the Rocky Mountains in S. W. Montana. | 1. | 1219 in Oklahoma. |
22. Kitunahan. | In S.E. British Columbia, N. Idaho, and part of N.W. Montana. | Somewhere E. of the Rocky Mountains in Montana or Alberta. | 2 chief divisions and 3 others. | About 1100; half in Canada and half in the United States. |
23. Koluschan (Tlingit). | On the coast and adjacent islands of S. Alaska, from 55° to 60° N. lat.; also some in Canada. | Somewhere in the interior of Alaska or N. W. Canada. | Some 12-15. | About 2000. |
24. Kulanapan (Pomo). | On the coast in N.W. California (Sonoma, Lake and Mendocino counties), W. of the Yukian. | Somewhere in N.W. California. | About 30 local divisions, &c.; no true tribes. | About 1000. |
25. Kusan. | On the coast of central Oregon, on Coos Bay and Coos and Coquille rivers, S. of the Yakonan; now mostly on Siletz Reservation. | Somewhere inland from Coos Bay, Oregon. | 4, earlier more. | About 50. |