TRIBES]
INDIANS, NORTH AMERICAN
463
Tribe. | Stock. | Situation, Population, &c. | Degree of Intermixture. |
Condition, Progress, &c. | Authorities. |
Mohawk. | Iroquoian. | 1762 with Six Nations, Grand river, Ont., 1320, Bay of Quinte, Ont., slight increase. The “Iroquois” at Caughnawaga, &c., are largely Mohawks. | Considerable English and French. | See Six Nations. | Forbes, Congr. intern. d. Amér., Quebec, 1906; Brant-Sero, Man (London, 1901). See Six Nations. |
Montagnais. | Algonkian. | About 2000 in N.E. Quebec, N. shore of St Lawrence and St John, &c. | Large element of French blood. | At St John, “energetic, hard working and provident”; others suffering from liquor, &c. Catholic missions. | Chambers, The Ouananiche (1896); Chamberlain, Ann. Arch. Rep. Ontario, 1905; David, Congr. int. d. Amér., Quebec, 1906. |
Moqui (Hopi). | Shoshonian. | About 2000 in N.E. Arizona. | Little. | Still “pagan,” but “dry-farming” experts. At Oraihi two factions, progressives and conservatives. Mennonite mission. | Bourke, Snake Dance Among the Moquis (1884); Hough, Amer. Anthrop., 1898; Dorsey and Voth, Field Columb. Mus. Publ., 1901–1902. Also the numerous monographs of Dr. J. W. Fewkes in Rep. Bur. Ethnol. Amer. Anthrop., Journ. Amer. Folk-Lore, 1894–1908. |
“Moravians.” | Algonkian. | 329 on river Thames, Ontario, Canada. | Considerable. | Generally industrious and very law-abiding. All Methodists. | Ann. Rep. Dept. Ind. Aff. Canada, 1907. |
Munsee. | Algonkian. | 118 on river Thames, Ontario, Canada; also a few with the Stockbridges in Wisconsin and the Chippewa in Kansas. | Considerable. | Fairly industrious; progress slow. | Ann. Rep. Dept. Ind. Aff. Canada, 1907. |
Nahané. | Athabaskan. | About 1000 in N.W. British Columbia, N. and S. of Stikeen river, and E. to beyond the Rockies. | Not much. | Have suffered much from white contact. Reached by Catholic missions from Stuart Lake. | Writings of Petitot, Morice, &c., especially the latter in Trans. Canad. Inst., 1894, Proc. Canad. Inst., 1889. See Carriers. |
Nascapee. | Algonkian. | Some 2500 in N.E. Quebec, Labrador, &c. | Not very much. | Improvement not marked. Catholic mission influence. | Burner, 11th Ann. Rep. Bur. Ethnol., 1889–1890; Chamberlain, Ann. Arch. Rep. Ontario, 1905. |
Navaho. | Athabaskan. | About 29,000 in Arizona and New Mexico, about 8000 in the latter state. Increasing in number. | Much Spanish (Mexican) blood. | Have made remarkable progress racially and individually. Catholic, Presbyterian, &c., missions. | Writings of Dr. W. Matthews, especially Navaho Legends (Boston, 1897), The Night Chant (N.Y.. 1902). |
Nespelim. | Salishan. | 191 at Colville Agency, Washington. | Considerable. | Suffering from liquor and white contact. | See Chehalis. |
Nez Percés. | Sahaptian. | 83 at Colville Agency, Washington, 1534 under Ft. Lapwai superintendency, Idaho. Decreasing. | Amount uncertain. | Of a high intellectual type (seen in children); suffering much from disease and white contact. About 60% Catholics and 15% Presbyterians. | Packard, Journ. Amer. Folk-Lore, 1891; McBeth, The Nez Percés since Lewis and Clark (New York, 1908); Spinden, Mem. Amer. Anthrop. Assoc., 1908. |
Nipissing. | Algonkian. | 239 on Lake Nipissing, Ontario. Increasing. | Little. | Improving. | Ann. Rep. Dept. Ind. Aff. Canada, 1907. |
Nipissino (Algonquins). | Algonkian. | About 60 at Lake of Two Mountains, Quebec. | Considerable. | Little marked progress; but fairly industrious. Catholics. | Writings of Rev. J. A. Cuoq, especially Lexique algonquin (Montreal, 1886); Lemoine, Congr. inter. d. Amér., Quebec, 1906. |
Niska (Nasqa). | Tsimshian. | About 800 in Nass river region in W. British Columbia. Decreasing. | Little. | Making good progress. | Boas, Rep. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci., 1895, 1896, and Indianische Sagen (Berlin, 1895). See Tsimshian. |
Nisqualli. | Salishan. | 146 in W. Washington. | Considerable. | Suffering from white contact, liquor, &c. | Gibbs, Contrib. N. Amer. Ethnol., vol. i., 1877, and Niskwalli Dictionary, ibid. |
Nootka. | Wakashan. | 2133 (including Clayoquot) on Vancouver Island, B.C. Decreasing slowly. | Considerable in places. | Industrious and law-abiding; evil from white contact increasing. Catholic and Presbyterian missions. | Sproat, Scenes and Studies of Savage Life (1868); Boas, Rep. Brit. Assoc., 1890, and Indianische Sagen (1895). |
Okanagan. | Salishan. | 824 in the Kamloops-Okanagan Agency, British Columbia; 527 on Colville Reservation, Washington. | Considerable in places. | Industrious and law-abiding. Catholic, and in Canada Catholic and Anglican churches largely represented. | Boas, Rep. Brit. Assoc., 1889; Teit, Mem. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 1900. |
Omaha. | Siouan. | 1128 in Nebraska. | Much white blood. | Good process in many respects; improvidence, &c., still causing trouble. Presbyterian mission. | Dorsey, 3rd Ann. Rep. Bur. Ethnol., 1881–1882, and 13th Rep., 1891–1892, and other writings. Also writings of Miss A. C. Fletcher. See Ponca. |
Oneida. | Iroquoian. | 777 on river Thames, Ontario, and 350 with Six Nations in Ontario; 2151 in Wisconsin; 286 in New York. Increasing. | Large element of white blood. | Canadian Oneidas at Delaware full citizens. All progressing excellently and self-supporting. U.S Oneidas citizens. | Bloomfield, The Oneidas (N.Y., 1907). See Six Nations. |
Onondaga. | Iroquoian. | 350 with the Six Nations, Ontario; 553 in New York. | Large element of white blood. | Not so advanced in U.S. as Tuscarora. | Clark, Onondaga (Syracuse, 1849); writings of Beauchamp, de Cost Smith, M. R. Harrington, &c. See Six Nations. |
Osage. | Siouan. | 1994 in Oklahoma. | Very much white blood; half are mixed-bloods. | U.S. citizens and making good progress. Baptists and Catholics represented. | Dorsey (J. O.), 6th Ann. Rep. Bur. Ethnol., 1884–1885; Brewster, Trans. Kans. State Hist. Soc., 1906; Dorsey (G. A.), Publ. Field Columb. Mus., 1904; Speck, Trans. Arch. Dept. Univ. of Penn. (Phila., 1907). |
Oto. | Siouan. | About 390 with the Missouri in Oklahoma. | Considerable. | Making good progress. | See Osage. |
Ottawa. | Algonkian. | About 750 on Manitoulin and Coburn Islands, Ontario; 2750 in Michigan; 197 in Oklahoma. | Considerable French and English blood. | Canadian Ottawa industrious and law-abiding, and many in the U.S as civilized as average whites about them. Catholic and Protestant missions. | Blackbird, Ottawa and Chippewa Indians (1887). See Pilling's Bibliography of the Algonkian Languages, 1891. |
Paiute. | Shoshonian. | 6500 to 7000 chiefly in Nevada (about 600 in Utah; 350 in Arizona). | No data. | Peaceable, moral and industrious; “have steadily resisted the vice of civilization.” Catholic and Protestant missions. | Mooney in 14th Ann. Rep. Bur. Ethnol., 1892–1893. See Ute. |