councillor and created marquess of Dorchester; but in 1647 he compounded for his estates by paying a large fine to the parliamentarians. Afterwards the marquess, who was always fond of books, spent his time mainly in London engaged in the study of medicine and law, his devotion to the former science bringing upon him a certain amount of ridicule and abuse. After the Restoration he was restored to the privy council, and was made recorder of Nottingham and a fellow of the Royal Society. Dorchester had two daughters, but no sons, and when he died in London on the 8th of December 1680 the title of marquess of Dorchester became extinct. He was succeeded as 3rd earl of Kingston by Robert (d. 1682), a son of Robert Pierrepont of Thoresby, Nottinghamshire, and as 4th earl by Robert’s brother William (d. 1690).
Evelyn Pierrepont (c. 1655–1726), 5th earl and 1st duke of Kingston, another brother had been member of parliament for East Retford before his accession to the peerage. While serving as one of the commissioners for the union with Scotland he was created marquess of Dorchester in 1706, and took a leading part in the business of the House of Lords. He was made a privy councillor and in 1715 was created duke of Kingston; afterwards serving as lord privy seal and lord president of the council. The duke, who died on the 5th of March 1726, was a prominent figure in the fashionable society of his day. He was twice married, and had five daughters, among whom was Lady Mary Wortley Montagu (q.v.), and one son, William, earl of Kingston (d. 1713).
The latter’s son, Evelyn Pierrepont (1711–1773), succeeded his grandfather as second duke of Kingston. When the rebellion of 1745 broke out he raised a regiment called “Kingston’s light horse,” which distinguished itself at Culloden. The duke, who attained the rank of general in the army, is described by Horace Walpole as “a very weak man, of the greatest beauty and finest person in England.” He is chiefly famous for his connexion with Elizabeth Chudleigh, who claimed to be duchess of Kingston (q.v.). The Kingston titles became extinct on the duke’s death without children on the 23rd of September 1773, but on the death of the duchess in 1788 the estates came to his nephew Charles Meadows (1737–1816), who took the name of Pierrepont and was created Baron Pierrepont and Viscount Newark in 1796, and Earl Manvers in 1806. His descendant, the present Earl Manvers, is thus the representative of the dukes of Kingston.
KINGSTOWN, a seaport of Co. Dublin, Ireland, in the south
parliamentary division, at the south-eastern extremity of
Dublin Bay, 6 m. S.E. from Dublin by the Dublin & South-Eastern
railway. Pop. of urban district (1901), 17,377. It is a
large seaport and favourite watering-place, and possesses several
fine streets, with electric trams, and terraces commanding
picturesque sea views. The original name of Kingstown was
Dunleary, which was exchanged for the present designation after
the embarkation of George IV. at the port on his return from
Ireland in 1821, an event which is also commemorated by a
granite obelisk erected near the harbour. The town was a mere
fishing village until the construction of an extensive harbour,
begun in 1817 and finally completed in 1859. The eastern pier
has a length of 3500 ft. and the western of 4950 ft., the total
area enclosed being about 250 acres, with a varying depth of
from 15 to 27 ft. Kingstown is the station of the City of Dublin
Steam Packet Company’s mail steamers to Holyhead in connexion
with the London & North-Western railway. It has large
export and import trade both with Great Britain and foreign
countries. The principal export is cattle, and the principal
imports corn and provisions. Kingstown is the centre of an
extensive sea-fishery; and there are three yacht clubs: the Royal
Irish, Royal St George and Royal Alfred.
KING-TÊ CHÊN, a town near Fu-liang Hien, in the province of
Kiang-si, China, and the principal seat of the porcelain manufacture
in that empire. Being situated on the south bank of the
river Chang, it was in ancient times known as Chang-nan Chên,
or “town on the south of the river Chang.” It is unwalled, and
straggles along the bank of the river. The streets are narrow,
and crowded with a population which is reckoned at a million,
the vast majority of whom find employment at the porcelain
factories. Since the Ch’in dynasty (557–589) this has been the
great trade of the place, which was then called by its earlier
name. In the reign of King-tê (Chên-tsung) of the Sung dynasty,
early in the 11th century A.D., a manufactory was founded there
for making vases and objects of art for the use of the emperor.
Hence its adoption of its present title. Since the time of the
Ming dynasty a magistrate has been specially appointed to
superintend the factories and to despatch at regulated intervals
the imperial porcelain to Peking. The town is situated on a vast
plain surrounded by mountains, and boasts of three thousand
porcelain furnaces. These constantly burning fires are the causes
of frequent conflagrations, and at night give the city the appearance
of a place on fire. The people are as a rule orderly, though
they have on several occasions shown a hostile bearing towards
foreign visitors. This is probably to be accounted for by a desire
to keep their art as far as possible a mystery, which appears less
unreasonable when it is remembered that the two kinds of earth
of which the porcelain is made are not found at King-tê Chên, but
are brought from K’i-mun in the neighbouring province of Ngan-hui,
and that there is therefore no reason why the trade should be
necessarily maintained at that place. The two kinds of earth
are known as pai-tun-tsze, which is a fine fusible quartz powder,
and kao-lin, which is not fusible, and is said to give strength to
the ware. Both materials are prepared in the shape of bricks at
K’i-mun, and are brought down the Chang to the seat of the
manufacture.
KINGUSSIE, a town of Inverness-shire, Scotland. Pop. (1901),
987. It lies at a height of 750 ft. above sea-level, on the left bank
of the Spey, here crossed by a bridge, 4612 m. S. by S.E. of Inverness
by the Highland railway. It was founded towards the end
of the 18th century by the duke of Gordon, in the hope of its
becoming a centre of woollen manufactures. This expectation,
however, was not realized, but in time the place grew popular as a
health resort, the scenery in every direction being remarkably
picturesque. On the right bank of the river is Ruthven, where
James Macpherson was born in 1736, and on the left bank, some
212 m. from Kingussie, is the house of Belleville (previously
known as Raitts) which he acquired from Mackintosh of Borlum
and where he died in 1796. The mansion, renamed Balavil by
Macpherson’s great-grandson, was burned down in 1903, when
the fine library (including some MSS. of Sir David Brewster,
who had married the poet’s second daughter) was destroyed. Of
Ruthven Castle, one of the residences of the Comyns of Badenoch,
only the ruins of the walls remain. Here the Jacobites made an
ineffectual rally under Lord George Murray after the battle of
Culloden.
KING WILLIAM’S TOWN, a town of South Africa, in the Cape
province and on the Buffalo River, 42 m. by rail W.N.W. of the
port of East London. Pop. (1904), 9506, of whom 5987 were
whites. It is the headquarters of the Cape Mounted Police.
“King,” as the town is locally called, stands 1275 ft. above the
sea at the foot of the Amatola Mountains, and in the midst of a
thickly populated agricultural district. The town is well laid
out and most of the public buildings and merchants’ stores are
built of stone. There are manufactories of sweets and jams,
candles, soap, matches and leather, and a large trade in wool,
hides and grains is done with East London. “King” is also an
important entrepôt for trade with the natives throughout
Kaffraria, with which there is direct railway communication.
Founded by Sir Benjamin D’Urban in May 1835 during the Kaffir
War of that year, the town is named after William IV. It was
abandoned in December 1836, but was reoccupied in 1846 and was
the capital of British Kaffraria from its creation in 1847 to its
incorporation in 1865 with Cape Colony. Many of the colonists
in the neighbouring districts are descendants of members of the
German legion disbanded after the Crimean War and provided
with homes in Cape Colony; hence such names as Berlin, Potsdam,
Braunschweig, Frankfurt, given to settlements in this part of the
country.
KINKAJOU (Cercoleptes caudivolvulus or Potos flavus), the
single species of an aberrant genus of the raccoon family (Procyonidae).
It has been split up into a number of local races. A
