Page:EB1911 - Volume 17.djvu/881

From Wikisource
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This page has been proofread, but needs to be validated.
862
MASSACHUSETTS
  

Governors of Massachusetts
(Under the First Charter—chosen annually).

John Endecott[1] 1629–1630
John Winthrop 1630–1634
Thomas Dudley 1634–1635
John Haynes 1635–1636
Henry Vane 1636–1637
John Winthrop 1637–1640
Thomas Dudley 1640–1641
Richard Bellingham 1641–1642
John Winthrop 1642–1644
John Endecott 1644–1645
Thomas Dudley 1645–1646
John Winthrop 1646–1649
John Endecott 1649–1651
Thomas Dudley 1650–1651
John Endecott 1651–1654
Richard Bellingham 1654–1655
John Endecott 1655–1665
Richard Bellingham 1665–1672
John Leverett (acting, 1672–1673) 1672–1679
Simon Bradstreet 1679–1686

Sir Edmund Andros 1686–1689
Simon Bradstreet 1689–1692
Under Second Charter—appointed by the Crown.[2]
Sir William Phips 1692–1694
William Stoughton (acting) 1694–1699
Richard Coote, earl of Bellomont 1699–1700
William Stoughton (acting) 1700–1701
Joseph Dudley 1702–1715
William Tailer (acting) 1715–1716
Samuel Shute 1716–1722
William Dummer (acting) 1722–1728
William Burnet 1728–1729
William Dummer (acting) 1729–1730
William Tailer (acting) 1730
Jonathan Belcher 1730–1741
William Shirley 1741–1749
Spencer Phips (acting) 1749–1753
William Shirley 1753–1756
Spencer Phips (acting) 1756–1757
Thomas Pownal 1757–1760
Thomas Hutchinson (acting) 1760
Sir Francis Bernard, Bart. 1760–1769
Thomas Hutchinson (acting) 1769–1771
Thomas Hutchinson 1771–1774
Thomas Gage[3] 1774–1775
Under the Constitution.
John Hancock 1780–1785
James Bowdoin 1785–1787
John Hancock 1787–1793
Samuel Adams (acting) 1793–1794
Samuel Adams 1794–1797
Increase Sumner Federalist 1797–1799
Moses Gill (lieut.-governor; acting) 1799–1800
Caleb Strong 1800–1807
Jas. Sullivan  Democratic-Republican  1807–1808
Levi Lincoln (acting) 1808–1809
Christopher Gore Federalist 1809–1810
Elbridge Gerry Democratic-Republican 1810–1812
Caleb Strong Federalist 1812–1816
John Brooks 1816–1823
William Eustis Democratic-Republican 1823–1825
Levi Lincoln 1825–1834
John Davis Whig 1834–1835
Edward Everett 1836–1840
Marcus Morton Democrat 1840–1841
John Davis Whig 1841–1843
Marcus Morton Democrat 1843–1844
George N. Briggs Whig 1844–1851
George S. Boutwell Free-Soil Democrat 1851–1853
John H. Clifford Whig 1853–1854
Emory Washburn 1854–1855
Henry J. Gardner Know-Nothing 1855–1858
Nathaniel P. Banks Republican 1858–1861
John A. Andrew Republican 1861–1866
Alexander H. Bullock 1866–1869
William Claflin 1869–1872
William B. Washburn 1872–1874
Thomas Talbot (acting) 1874–1875
William Gaston Democrat 1875–1876
Alexander H. Rice Republican 1876–1879
Thomas Talbot 1879–1880
John Davis Long 1880–1883
Benjamin F. Butler Democrat 1883–1884
George D. Robinson Republican 1884–1887
Oliver Ames 1887–1890
John Q. A. Brackett 1890–1891
William E. Russell Democrat 1891–1894
Frederic T. Greenhalge Republican 1894–1896
Roger Wolcott 1896–1897
Roger Wolcott 1897–1900
W. Murray Crane 1900–1903
John L. Bates 1903–1905
William L. Douglas Democrat 1905–1906
Curtis L. Guild Republican 1906–1909
Eben S. Draper 1909–1911
Eugene N. Foss Democrat 1911–

Bibliography.—For Topography: W. M. Davis, Physical Geography of Southern New England (New York, 1895), and for the western counties, R. D. Mallary, Lenox and the Berkshire Highlands (New York-London, 1902); also Inland Massachusetts, Illustrated . . . (Springfield, 1890); C. F. Warner, Picturesque Berkshire (also Franklin, Hampden, Hampshire, Northampton, 1890–1893); U.S. Geological Survey, Bulletin 116, H. Gannett, “Geographic Dictionary of Massachusetts.” On Minerals: U.S. Census, 1900, and U.S. Geological Survey, annual volume on Mineral Resources. On Agriculture: U.S. Census and reports of Mass. Census (alternating with Federal census), and reports and bulletins of the Board of Agriculture (1852) and the Agricultural College (1867), and Experiment Station (1883) at Amherst. On Manufactures, &c.: See Reports of state and Federal censuses; also Annual Reports (1869) of the state Bureau of Statistics of Labor, which contain a wealth of valuable material (e.g. 1903, “Race in Industry”; 1902, “Sex in Industry”; 1885, “Wages and Prices, 1752–1863,” &c.); W. R. Bagnall, The Textile Industries of the United States (vol. i., 1639–1810, Cambridge, 1893); J. L. Hayes, “American Textile Machinery: its Early History, &c.” (Cambridge, 1870; Bulletin of National Association of Wool Manufacturers), and literature therein referred to. On Commerce and Communications: U.S. Census, 1902 (vol. on “Electric Railways”); U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission, annual Statistics of Railways; publications of the State Board of Trade; W. Hill on “First Stages of the Tariff Policy of the United States” in American Economic Association Publications, vol. viii., no. 6 (1893). On Population: Census reports, state and Federal, publications of Bureau of Statistics of Labor, Board of Health (1869–; the Annual Report of 1896 contains an exhaustive analysis of vital statistics, 1856–1895); Board of Charity (1878–  ), &c. On Administration: G. H. Haynes, Representation and Suffrage in Massachusetts, 1620–1691, in Johns Hopkins University, Studies in History, xii.; Manual for the General Court (Annual); R. H. Whitten, Public Administration in Massachusetts, in Columbia University, Studies in History, vol. viii. (1898); H. R. Spencer, Constitutional Conflict in Provincial Massachusetts (Columbus, O., 1905); and the annual Public Documents of Massachusetts, embracing the reports of all state officers and institutions. On Taxation: See especially the official “Report of the Commission Appointed to Inquire into the Expediency of Revising and Amending the Laws ... Relating to Taxation” (1897), and vol. xi. of the Report of the United States Industrial Commission (Wash., 1901); H. G. Friedman, The Taxation of Corporations in Massachusetts (New York, 1907); and C. J. Bullock, Historical Sketch of the Finances and Financial Policy of Massachusetts (1907). On Education: See Annual Reports of the United States Commissioner of Education; G. G. Bush, History of Higher Education in Massachusetts (Washington, U.S. Bureau of Education, 1891); article on Harvard University. On History: Elaborate bibliography is given in J. Winsor’s Narrative and Critical History of America and in his Memorial History of Boston. The colonial historical classics are William Bradford, History of Plimoth Plantation (pub. by the commonwealth, 1898; also edited by Charles Deane, in Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society, 1856, series 4, vol. iii.); J. Winthrop, History of New England 1630–1649, edited by J. Savage (Boston, 2 vols. 1825–1826, new ed., 1853); S. E. Sewall, Diary, 1674–1729 (3 vols., Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society, series 5, vols. v.–vii., 1878–1882), a fascinating and microscopic picture of colonial life; T. Hutchinson, History of . . . Massachusetts (3 vols., respectively Boston, 1764, 1767, London, 1828); also the very valuable Hutchinson Papers (2 vols., Prince Society, Boston, 1865). For the period 1662–1666, when Massachusetts was investigated by royal commissioners, see Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society, series 2, vol. viii., 1819; on the Andros period, 1689–1691, see the Andros Tracts (3 vols., Prince Society Publications, v.–vii., Boston, 1868–1874), ed. by J. H. Whitmore. The one-time-standard


  1. Endecott, by commission dated the 30th of April 1629, was made “governor of London’s plantation in the Massachusetts Bay.” Matthew Cradock, first governor of the Company, from the 4th of March 1629 to the 20th of October 1629, was succeeded on the latter date by John Winthrop, who, on reaching Salem on the 12th of June 1630 with the charter, superseded Endecott.
  2. During three periods, 1701–1702, in February 1715, and from April to August 1757 the affairs of the colony were administered by the Executive Council.
  3. General Gage was military governor, Hutchinson remaining nominally civil governor.