Suvorov over the French in 1799. It is now an important railway junction, the main lines from Turin and Milan to Genoa converging here. Cotton, silk, coal briquettes, &c., are also manufactured here.
NOVO-BAYAZET, a town of Russian Transcaucasia, in the
government of Erivan, 35 m. E.N.E. of the town of Erivan, and
4 m. W. of Gok-chai Lake, 5870 ft. above the sea. Pop. 8507 in
1897, mainly Armenians. An Armenian village which stood here
was destroyed by Nadir Shah of Persia in 1736, and it was not
till the Turkish War of 1828–29 that the site was again occupied
by Armenian refugees from the Turkish town of Bayazet or
Bayazid.
NOVOCHERKASSK, a town of Russia, capital of the Don
Cossacks territory, situated on a hill 400 ft. above the plain, at
the confluence of the Don with the Aksai, 45 m. from the Sea of
Azov, and 32 m. by rail N.E. from Rostov. Pop. (1897) 52,005.
It was founded in 1805, when the inhabitants of the Cherkassk
stanitsa (now Old Cherkassk) were compelled to leave their
abodes on the banks of the Don on account of the frequent
inundations. The town is an archiepiscopal see of the Orthodox
Greek Church, and possesses a cathedral (1904), a museum, the
palace of the ataman (chief) of the Cossacks, and monuments to
M. I. Platov (a Cossack chief) and T. Yermak (1904), the conqueror
of West Siberia. Wide suburbs extend to the S.W., and
the right bank of the Aksai is dotted with the villas of the Cossack
officials. Manufactures make slow progress. An active trade is
carried on in corn, wine and timber (exports), and manufactures
and grocery wares (imports).
NOVOGEORGIEVSK. (1) A town of Russia, usually known
under the name of Krylov, in the government of Kherson,
at the confluence of the Tyasmin with the Dnieper, 17 m. W.N.W. of Kremenchug. Its fort was erected by the Poles in 1615. The inhabitants carry on a lively trade in timber, grain and cattle, and have a few flourmills and candle-works. Pop. (1897) 11,214. (2) A first-class fortress of Russian Poland (called Modlin till 1831), at the confluence of the Narev (Bug) with the Vistula, 23 m. by rail N.W. of Warsaw. Modlin was first fortified
under the Napoleonic régime in 1807, and in the wars of 1813 and 1830–31 underwent several sieges. Since that time the Russians have made many additions to the works, and the place now forms, with Warsaw, Ivangorod and Brest-Litovsk, the so-called Polish Quadrilateral. The strength of Novogeorgievsk lies mainly in the new circle of eight powerful forts, erected at a mean distance of 10 m. from the enceinte. The importance of the fortress lies in the fact that it prevents Warsaw from being turned by a force on the lower Vistula and commands the railway between Danzig and Warsaw.
NOVOMOSKOVSK, a town of Russia, in the government of
Ekaterinoslav, 16 m. N.E. of the town of Ekaterinoslav. Including
several villages which have been incorporated with it, it
extends for nearly 7 m. along the right bank of the Samara, a
tributary of the Dnieper. In the 17th century the site was
occupied by several villages of Zaporogian Cossacks, known
under the name of Samarchik. In 1687 Prince Golitsuin founded
here the Ust-Samara fort, which was destroyed after the treaty
of the Pruth (1711), but rebuilt in 1736, and the settlement of
Novoselitsy established. The inhabitants of Novomoskovsk,
who numbered 23,381 in 1900, are chiefly engaged in agriculture,
though some are employed in tanneries, and there is a trade in
horses, cattle, tallow, skins, tar and pitch. In the immediate
neighbourhood is the Samarsko-Nikolayevskiy monastery, which
is visited by many pilgrims.
NOVO-RADOMSK, or Radomsko, a town of Russian Poland, in the government of Piotrków, 28 m. by rail S.S.W. of the town of Piotrków. It has factories for bentwood furniture, woollens and cloth, tanneries, ironworks and sawmills, and is the centre of a very active trade. Pop. (1900) 14,464, many being Jews.
NOVOROSSIYSK, a seaport town of S. Russia, in the Chernomorsk or Black Sea territory, on a bay of the same name (also named Tsemes), on the N.E. coast of the Black Sea. Pop. (1900) 40,384. The bay, nearly 3 m. wide at its entrance on the
E., and 5 m. deep from E. to W., is exposed to the N.E. wind
(bora), which sweeps down from the Caucasus Mountains with
great violence. There is an artificial harbour (1893) protected
by a mole. Novorossiysk is connected by a branch railway to
Tikhoryetskaya (169 m.) with the main Caucasian line, which
crosses the Volga near Tsaritsyn, and has become an important
centre for the export of corn, and since the petroleum wells
of Groznyi in northern Caucasia were tapped it has become
an entrepôt for the export of petroleum. Cement is manufactured.
Large grain elevators have been built, and a new commercial
town has grown up. Besides cereals, which amount to
69% of the whole, the exports consist of petroleum and
petroleum waste, oilcake, linseed, timber, bran, millet seed,
wool, potash, zinc ore and liquorice, the total annual value
ranging between 312 and 514 millions sterling. The imports are
small. Some 1500 acres in the vicinity of the town are planted
with vines. Novorossiysk has belonged to Russia since 1829.
NOWELL, ALEXANDER (c. 1507–1602), dean of St Paul’s, London, was the eldest son of John Nowell of Read Hall, Whalley, Lancashire, by his second wife Elizabeth Kay of Rochdale. He was educated at Middleton, Lancashire, and at Brasenose College, Oxford, where he is said to have shared rooms with John Foxe the martyrologist. He was elected fellow of Brasenose
in 1526. In 1543 he was appointed master of Westminster
school, and in December 1551 prebendary of Westminster.
He was elected in September 1553 member of parliament for
Looe in Cornwall in Queen Mary’s first parliament, but in
October 1553 a committee of the house reported that, having
as prebendary of Westminster a seat in convocation, he could
not sit in the House of Commons. He was also deprived of his
prebend, probably as being a married man, before May 1554,
and sought refuge at Strassburg and Frankfort, where he
developed puritan and almost Presbyterian views. He submitted,
however, to the Elizabethan settlement of religion, and was
rewarded with the archdeaconry of Middlesex, a canonry at
Canterbury and in 1560 with the deanery of St Paul’s. His
sermons occasionally created some stir, and on one occasion
Elizabeth interrupted his sermon, telling him to stick to his
text and cease slighting the crucifix. He held the deanery of
St Paul’s for forty-two years, surviving until the 13th of February
1602. Nowell is believed to have composed the Catechism
inserted before the Order of Confirmation in the Prayer Book
of 1549, which was supplemented in 1604 and is still in use;
but the evidence is not conclusive. Early in Elizabeth’s reign,
however, he wrote a larger catechism, to serve as a statement
of Protestant principles; it was printed in 1570, and in the same
year appeared his “middle” catechism, designed it would seem
for the instruction of “simple curates.” Nowell also established
a free school at Middleton and made other benefactions for
educational purposes. He was twice married, but left no
children.
See Ralph Churton, Life of Alexander Nowell (Oxford, 1809); G. Burnet, History of the Reformation (new ed., Oxford, 1865); and R. W. Dixon, History of the Church of England. Also the Works of John Strype; the Publications of the Parker Society; the Calendar of State Papers, Domestic; and the Dict. Nat. Biog., vol. lv.
NOWGONG, a town of India, headquarters of the Bundelkhand agency and a military cantonment, in the native state of Chhatarpur, on the border of the British district of Jhansi. Pop. (1901) 11,507. It has accommodation for a force of all arms. The
college for the education of the sons of chiefs in Central India, opened here in 1872, was abolished in 1898, owing to the small
attendance.
NOWGONG, a town and district of British India, in the Brahmaputra Valley division of eastern Bengal and Assam. The town is situated on the Kalang river. Pop. (1901) 4430. The district of Nowgong has an area of 3843 sq. m. It consists of a wide plain overgrown with jungle and canebrakes, intersected by numerous tributaries of the Brahmaputra, and dotted with shallow marshes. The Mikir hills cover an area of about 65 m. by 35 in the S. of the district; the highest peak is about 3500 ft.
The slopes are very steep, and are covered with dense forest.
